书城教材教辅组网技术实训
22843800000039

第39章 项目19中小企业局域网组建(2)

(4)网络连通性测试

对于接在接入层设备 S2126上的用户,为其分配IP地址为192.168.0.3/24~192.168.0.252/24,网关可以指向192.168.0.1或者192.168.0.2,由于在出口路由器上配置了VRRP,VRRP 功能可以为网络提供冗余备份和负载均衡功能。使用如下命令进行网络连通性测试。

D:>ipconfig!显示测试计算机PC1的IP地址

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress............................:192.168.0.234

Subnet Mask..........................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay....................:192.168.0.1

! 终端用户以虚拟组10为网关

D:>ping192.168.0.1

Pinging192.168.0.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! 测试 pc192.168.0.234到网关192.168.0.1通信正常。

D:>ipconfig!显示测试计算机PC2的IP地址

WindoWs2000IPConfiantration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-snecific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress..............................:192.168.0.235

Subnet Mask..........................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.....................:192,168.0.2

! 终端用户以虚拟组20为网关

D:>ping192.168.0.2

Pinging192.168.0.2With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.2:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! 测试pc192.168.0.234到网关192.168.0.1通信正常。

4.VRRP功能测试

根据VRRP功能,在主路由器失效的情况下,备份路由器会在一定的时间里切换为主路由器;在启用了抢占模式后,在路由器故障恢复后,VRRP会重新计算,主路由器切换到备份状态,故障路由器为主状态。VRRP冗余备份与负载均衡功能的测试如下。

网络正常运行情况下,测试VRRP状态及网络连通性:

R2624-A#shoW Vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time OWn Pre State Master addr Group addr

FastEthernet010 105- - P Master192.168.0.254192.168.0.1

FastEthernet020 100- - P Backup192.168.0.253192.168.0.2

! R2624-A VRRP 状态

R2624-B#shoW Vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time OWn Pre State Master addr Group addr

FastEthernet010100- - P Backup192.168.0.254192.168.0.1

FastEthernet020150- - P Master192.168.0.253192.168.0.2

! R2624-B VRRP状态

下面模拟两台计算机PC1和PC2,它们的网关地址分别是192.168.0.1和192.168.0.2。

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfieuration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress...............................:192.168.0.234

Subnet Mask...........................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.......................:192.168.0.1

! 以虚拟组10为默认网关的终端用户

D:>ping192.168.0.1

Pinging192.168.0.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! 测试终端用户PC192.168.0.234到网关192.168.0.1通信正常。

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress...............................:192.168.0.235

Subnet Mask...........................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.......................:192.168.0.2

D:>ping192.168.0.2

Pinging192.168.0.2With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.2:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! 测试终端用户 PC192.168.0.234到网关192.168.0.1通信正常

在R2624-A路由器出现故障,VRRP状态及网络的连通性如下。

当终端用户使用ping命令加t参数来观察路由器出现故障后网络连通性的变化时,可通过将 S3550-24-A与R2624-A之间的线缆人为doWn掉来模拟R2624-A路由器故障。

在网络正常运行时网络通信正常:

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress...............................:192.168.0.234

Subnet Mask............................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay........................:192.168.0.1

D:>ping192.168.0.1-t

Pinging192.168.0.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

……

! ……表示Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! 在网络正常运行时网络通信正常。

当R2624-A出现故障时,网络连通性的变化情况:

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress................................:192.168.0.234

Subnet Mask.............................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay........................:192.168.0.1

D:>ping192.168.0.1-t

Pinging192.168.0.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! R2624-A路由器出现故障时刻

Request timed out.

Request timed out.

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

........

! ……表示Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! R2624-A路由器出现故障后,网络出现中断,之后很快网络恢复网络连通性

当 R2624-A出现故障时VRRP状态的变化情况:

R2624-B#shoW Vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time OWn Pre State Master addr Group addr

FastEthernet010100- - P Master 192.168.0.253192.168.0.1

FastEthernet020150- - P Master 192.168.0.253192.168.0.2

从R2624-A 出现故障到其恢复正常的过程中,网络连通性的变化情况:

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress...............................:192.168.0.234

Subnet Mask...........................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay......................:192.168.0.1

D:>ping192.168.0.1-t

Pinging192.168.0.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! R2624-A 出现故障

Request timed out.

Request timed out.

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

......

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

! R2624-A 恢复正常时刻

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

Reply from192.168.0.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=255

......

! 当R2624-A出现故障,到当R2624-A恢复正常的过程中,网络在出现暂时中断之后恢复正常,在路由器R2624-A恢复正常后,网络切换回来,通信正常,不会发生中断。

从R2624-A出现故障到其恢复正常的过程中,VRRP状态的变化情况:

R2624-B#shoW VrrV brief

Interface Grp Pri Time OWn Pre State Master addr Group addr

FastEthernet010100- - P Master 192.168.0.253192.168.0.1

FastEthernet020150- - P Master 192.168.0.253192.168.0.2

! R2624-A发生故障,R2624-B路由器VRRP状态,备份组状态发生变化

R2624-B#shoW Vrrp brief

Interface Grp Pri Time OWn Pre State Master addr Group addr