书城教材教辅组网技术实训
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第44章 项目20大型(单核心)网络(3)

20.5.3基本连通性测试

网络连通性测试和不同VLAN间用户通信连通性测试

1.网络连通性测试

在S2126G-Al的Vlan10内的用户,用户主机的IP地址为172.16.10.195/24,网关为172.16.10.1。

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress.........................................:172.16.10.195

Subnet Mask......................................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.................................:172.16.10.1

! 在Vlan10里,IP地址为172.16.10.195主机为测试主机

D:>ping172.16.10.1

Pinging172.16.10.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.16.10.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

Reply from172.16.10.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

! 测试到网关的连通性

D:>ping172.16.20.1

Pinging172.16.20.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.16.20.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

! 测试到S3550-24-A Vlan20sVi口的连通性

D:>ping172.16.30.1

Pinging172.16.30.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.16.30.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

! 测试到S3550-24-A Vlan30SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.128.44

Pinging192.168.128.44With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.128.44:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

! 测试到S3550-24-A Vlan100SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.128.45

Pinging192.168.128.45 With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.128.45:bytes=32ttme=2ms TTL=62

! 测试到S6806E-A Vlan100SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.129.45

Pinging192.168.129.45 With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.129.45:bytes=32time=1ms TTL=63

! 测试到S6806E-A Vlan200SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.86.17

Pinging192.168.86.17 With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.86.17:bytes=32time=1ms TTL=63

! 测试到S6806E-A Vlan300SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.86.30

Pinging192.168.86.30With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.86.30:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=253

! 测试到R2624-A f0口的连通性

D:>ping172.18.50.1

Pinging172.18.50.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.18.50.1:bytes=32time=1ms TTL=62

Reply from172.18.50.1:bytes=32time=2ms TTL=62

! 测试到S3550-24-BVlan50SVI口的连通性

D:>ping172.18.60.1

Pinging172.18.60.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.18.60.1:bytes=32time=1ms TTL=62

! 测试到S3550-24-BVlan60SVI口的连通性

D:>ping172.18.70.1

Pinging172.18.70.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.18.70.1:bytes=32time=1ms TTL=62

! 测试到S3550-24-BVlan 70SVI口的连通性

D:>ping192.168.129.44

Pinging192.168.129.44With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.129.44:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=62

! 测试到S3550-24-B Vlan200SVI口的连通性

D:>ping210.96.100.85

Pinging210.96.100.85 With32bytes of data:

Reply from210.96.100.85:bytes=32ttme=1ms TTL=253

! 测试到R2624-A路由器Fl口的连通性

2.VLAN间通信测试

在这里只举例测试 Vlan50里用户172.18.50.195 与Vlan10里用户172.16.10.179的连通性,其中主机指向各自的网关,由于不同VLAN间用户通信的测试方法相同,不再一一举例说明。

D:>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress.........................................:172.18.50.195

Subnet Mask......................................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.................................:172.18.50.1

D:>ping172.18.50.1

Pinging172.18.50.1With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.18.50.1:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=64

! Vlan50用户172.18.50.195 测试到此网关的连通性

D:>ping192.168.86.30

Pinging192.168.86.30With32bytes of data:

Reply from192.168.86.30:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=253

! 测试到网络的连通性

D:>ping172.16.l0.179

Pinging172.16.10.179 With32bytes of data:

Reply from172.16.10.179:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=125

Reply from172.16.l0.179:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=125

Reply from172.16.10.179:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=125

Reply from172.16.10.179:bytes=32time<10ms TTL=125

! 测试Vlan50里的用户用户172.18.50.195到Vlan10用户172.16.10.179的连通性

20.5.4NAT功能配置及测试

NAT功能是在路由器R2624-A上实现的。

1.在R2624-A上配置NAT功能

access-list10permit any

exlt

ip nat inside Source list10interface FastEthernet1oVerload

interface FastEthernet0

ip nat inside

exit

interface FastEthernet1

ip nat outside

exit

2.测试NAT功能

如在实训网络拓扑中,在R2624-A Fl端口的对端放置计算机模拟ISP,通过内部主机172.18.50.195ping此主机210.96.100.86,在路由器上调试 NAT,通过查看相关调试信息测试NAT功能。

R2624-A#debug ip nat

NAT eVents debugging is on

R2624-A#debug ip nat detailed

NAT detailed eVents debugging is on

R2624-A#debug ip nat packet

NAT packet floW eVents debugging is on

R2624-A#

! 在R2624-A上开启NAT debug功能

D:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ipconfig

WindoWs2000IPConfiguration

Ethernet adapter本地连接:

Connection-sDecific DNS Suffix:

IPAddress.........................................:172.18.50.195

Subnet Mask......................................:255.255.255.0

Default GateWay.................................:172.18.50.1

D:>ping210.96.100.86

! 客户机访问外部网络主机

Pinging210.96.100.86With32bytes of data:

Reply from210.96.100.86:bytes=32time=3ms TTL=125

Reply from210.96.100.86:bytes=32ttme=3ms TTL=125

Reply from210.96.100.86:bytes=32time=3ms TTL=125

R2624-A#

IPNAT:I* icmp210.96.100.85:512->210.96.100.86:512[5930,60]

IPNAT:O icmp210.96.100.86:512->210.96.100.85:512[21452,60] IPNAT:O * icmp

210.96.100.86:512->172.18.50.195:5 L2[21452,60] IPNAT:I temp172.18.50.195:512->

210.96.100.86:512[5931,60]

IPNAT:I * icmp210.96.100.85:512->210.96.100.86:5 L2[ 5931,60] IPNAT:O tcmp

210.96.100.86:512->210.96.100.85:512[21453,60] IPNAT:O* icmp210.96.100.86:512->

172.18.50.195:512[21453,60]

! NAT相关信息,可以看到NAT成功

20.6实训总结

实施一个大型网络工程,其过程并不简单,仅是客户交流的难度与复杂度就不可想象。

首先与高层领导进行意向沟通,再与技术人员进行技术层面的细节沟通,然后仍然需要经过多次会议集中汇报、反馈、修改等,项目需求才能逐步明确完善。其后提交需求分析报告、设计方案和实施方案等,这些真实过程能够在实训教学中模拟,但是缺少真实环境的复杂度,缺少遇到问题、分析问题、解决问题的曲折性。真实项目从收集需求资料、整理分析、提出分析报告(需求分析报告)、论证、提出针对性较强的解决方案(设计方案与实施方案),最后项目实施,这一系列过程会遇到很多问题,需要读者亲身体验,从中获得直接经验,经验就是知识。