identification
n. (process of) identifying or being identified 验明；鉴别 means of proving who one is； official papers that do this 身份证明；身份证明书
make an identification 做出鉴定/fingerprint identification 指纹鉴定/target identification （军）目标识别/letter of identification 身份证明书/identification card 身份证/identification plate （汽车） 牌照
The identification of the accident victims took some time.
验明事故遇难者身份的工作费了不少时间。
Can I see some identification， please？
请给我看看你的身份证件行吗？
identity
n. who or what a particular person or thing is 身份，本体，个性 unity and persistence of personality 个性，特性 sameness 同一(性)，一致 exact likeness 恒等式
an identity card (certificate) 身份证，居民证/identity of thinking and being 思维与存在的同一性/identity crisis 个性转变期
The police are trying to find out the identity of the woman killed in the traffic accident.
警察正努力确认在该交通事故中丧生的那位女子的身份。
All living organisms， regardless of their unique identity， have certain biological， chemical， and physical characteristics in common.
所有活着的有机体，不论它们有何独特的特征，都有其生物学上的、化学上的以及物理学上的共同特点。
ideology
n. set of ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory 思想体系；思想意识
idiom
n. phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit 习语，成语 language or dialect of a people or country 方言
ignite
v. cause sth. to catch fire 使……燃烧，点燃
ignite a stove fire 点燃炉火/ignite the hatred of the people 激起人民的仇恨/ignite a new round of inflation 引起新一轮的通货膨胀
He left Europe in the late 1930s when the continent ignited into war. 20 世纪 30 年代末他离开欧洲，当时欧洲大陆战火四起。
ignorance
n. lack of knowledge or information (about sth) （对某事物）无知
We are in complete ignorance of your plans.
我们对你的计划一无所知。
If he did wrong it was only through ignorance.
要是他做错了，那也只是出于无知。
illuminate
v. provide sth. with light 照亮，用灯光装饰 make sth. clear； help to explain 阐明；解释清楚；启发
illuminated with electricity 用电照明/illuminated by oil lamps 用油灯照明/a poorly illuminated room 烟光暗淡的房间/illuminate a statement with many examples 用许多例子来阐述
The city was illuminated in celebration of the victory.
这座城市张灯结彩，庆祝胜利。
illusion
n. something seem wrongly， not as it really is 幻想；错觉；假象
be under the illusion that... 错误地相信/be under no illusion about/as to sth. 对……不存幻想/cherish the illusion that... 错误地认为……/have no illusion about... 对……不存幻想/an optical illusion 视错觉/break an illusion 使幻想破灭/indulge in the illusion 沉迷于幻想
We must look beyond illusions and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.
我们必须超越主观判断和假设，设法发现漏掉的东西。（2001年1月阅读理解）
The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an illusion.
魔术师使我们相信他把那个女孩切成了两半，但这只是一种假象。
imaginative
adj. that shows use of the imagination 爱想像的，充满想像力的
imaginative意为“富有想像力的或创造力的”。如：an imaginative child(富于想像力的孩子)；imaginative powers(或faculties)(想像力)。
imaginary，imaginative， imaginable
imaginary 指“想象中的，虚构的”。Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life， they are imaginary. 小说里的主要人物虽然写得栩栩如生，但都是虚构的。imaginative 意为“富于“富于想像力的”。如：He is an imaginative writer. 他是一位富于想像力的作家。 imaginable 意为“可想象的”，常置名词之后，在名词前常有all， every或最高级形容词。如：We will make the best efforts imaginable to fulfil the task in time. 我们将尽最大努力及时完成这项任务。
the imaginative power 想像力/imaginative literature 想像文学，纯文学
The imaginative child made up fairy stories.
这个富有想像力的孩子编了些神话故事。
imitation
n. thing produced as a copy of the real thing 仿制品；仿造品；赝品
a blind imitation of... 对……的盲目模仿/an imitation of leather 皮革仿制品/imitation jewellery 伪造的珠宝/in imitation of... 模仿
That s not an original Rembrandt， it s an imitation.
这不是伦勃朗的真品，是件赝品。
immerse
ｖｔ. to put deep under water 沉浸 to cause oneself to enter deeply into an activity 使沉浸于，使专心于
immerse指“沉浸，全部浸入液体内”。如：He immersed himself in the pool.(他将身子浸没在水池里。)引申义为“全神贯注或从事于某事物”。如：He immersed himself completely in work.(他埋头于工作。)They are men well immersed in study.(他们是潜心钻研学问的人们。)
plunge，dip，immerse
plunge 强调突然或用力地掷入或完全置入液体中。如：Plunge your hands into the water. 将双手插入水中。 dip强调浸入后立即就取出，可以部分浸入也可全部浸入。如：He dipped his pen in the ink. 他把钢笔插进墨水中。 immerse强调完全浸入液体中，时间亦是能使之足以浸透。如：He immersed his head in the water. 他把头浸在水里。
immerse hands in warm water 把手泡在热水里/be immersed in a book (thought， difficulties) 埋头读书(陷入沉思、陷入困境)/be immersed in 聚精会神从事(某工作)，陷入……之中/immerse oneself in 专心从事(某事)，沉溺于……之中
They were immersed in their scientific research， not knowing what happened just outside their lab.
他们沉浸于自己的研究之中，对实验室外发生的事一无所知。（2001年6月阅读理解）
I walked into the study and found Mr Johnson immersed in his writing， as usual.
我走进书房，发现约翰逊先生同往常一样 埋头写作。
immune
adj. unable to be harmed because of special powers in oneself (有)免疫(力)的 not affected by 不受影响的 marked by protection 豁免的，免除的
immune 作表语用时，常接介词from， to， against等。注意下列句子中immune的不同的意思。如：Nobody is immune from criticism.(谁都难免受批评。)A full life is immune against boredom.(充实的生活无烦腻之虞。)We are not immune to the influences around us.(我们不能不受周围环境的影响。)We are immune from smallpox as the result of vaccination.(由于已经种痘我们不会感染天花。)
immune to/immune from/immune against 免于，免除，免受
He seems immune to any persuasion for he never changes his mind once he has made a decision.
他似乎不受任何劝说的影响，一旦做出了决定就不再改变。
impair
ｖｔ. to damage or to weaken 削弱；使恶化
impair是表示力量、价值等削弱、降低，也指功能、作用等减弱，衰弱，损害。
impair one s health 损害健康
This arrest will impair his reputation in the community.
这次被捕将损坏他在社区的名声。
impart
ｖｔ. to communicate the knowledge of 通知，透露 to give， pass on a share of sth. 给予，传递
宾语后可再接介词to。
impart information/news/secret to sb. 将消息/秘密告知某人
A quantity of heat is imparted to the gas through conduction.
一定热量通过传导作用传给气体。
imperative
adj. urgent， which must be done， not to be disobeyed 必要的，紧急的，极重要的 done， given with authority 命令(式)的，必须服从的 n. sth. that is imperative 必要的事，必须完成的事
imperative用于“It is imperative that...”句型中，其后主语从句要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形或should+动词原形。
Military orders are imperative and cannot be disobeyed.
军令是必须服从的，不可违抗。（2002年6月阅读理解）
It s imperative for him to be taken to hospital at once because he is seriously ill.
由于病得厉害，他必须立即被送往医院。
imperial
adj. of an empire or its rulers 帝国的；皇帝的 majestic 威严的；帝王般的
an imperial household 皇室；王室/the imperial examinations （中国旧时的）科举/on an imperial scale 以特大规模/imperial rule 帝国统治/the imperial palace 皇宫/imperial nations 宗主国
Since the end of the Roman empire Italy has had no imperial ambitions in Europe.
自罗马帝国消亡以来，意大利在欧洲不再有帝国野心。
impetus
n. thing that encourages a process to develop more quickly 推动；刺激
give/lend an impetus to... 推动（或促进）……/with great impetus 用大力/gain impetus 获得动力/a huge/powerful impetus 巨大/有力的推动/a cultural impetus 文化动力/a social impetus 社会动力/an impetus to sth. 对……的推动力
The two trains came into collision with great impetus.
两辆火车猛烈相撞。
implement
n. tool or instrument 农具，用具 v. put sth. into effect； carry out 使……执行；实施
Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge.
实施新的理科标准和数学的相应标准将面临很大的挑战性。（2005年1月阅读理解）
implicit
adj. meant though not plainly expressed 含蓄的 unquestioning and complete 无疑问的，完全的 involved in the nature or essence of sth. though not revealed 内含的，固有的
implicit指某种东西是暗含于话语、行动、外表、性格或有关的人、物的方式之中，并非得到明确论述或表达。如：It is implicit on your statement that I was wrong.(你话中暗含的意思是我错了。)implicit的反义词是explicit。如：He would not be more explicit about the matter.(他对那件事不愿说得更清楚。)
an implicit assent 默认/implicit obedience 绝对服从/implicit faith 全信
His comments were viewed as implicit of the policy.
他的评论被视作对这一政策的含蓄批评。
impulse
n. sudden urge to act without thinking about the results 冲动，刺激
on impulse 一时冲动，一时心血来潮/on the impulse of the moment 由一时高兴/a man of impulse 易冲动的人；感情用事的人/an impulse buyer 一时冲动的买主/ give an impulse to... 促进……；刺激……
Natural impulses of anger， hostility， and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence.
发怒、敌对，以及守卫地盘的天性通过暴力的行为得以宣泄。（2002年6月阅读理解）
I had a sudden impulse to punch him in the face， but I managed to hold back my anger.
我突然想对准他的脸猛击一拳，但我还是抑制住了自己的愤怒。
inaugurate
vt. to introduce sb.important into a new place or job by holding a special ceremony 使就职，举行……开幕式，举行……(落成、通车)典礼 to be the beginning of 开始，开创；开展
inaugurate a president 举行总统就职典礼/inaugurate a new bridge 举行新桥落成典礼(通车仪式)/the inaugurating general meeting 成立大会
Inaugurated a second time on march 4， 1901， William Mckinley looked forward to a new term.
1901年3月4日，为威廉·麦金利举行第二次就职典礼，他盼望着新一届任期。
incentive
ｎ. an encouragement to greater activity 刺激，鼓励； 动力，动机
后可接to sth.或to do sth。incentive用作名词，意为“动机；刺激，鼓励”，是可数名词。如：give sb.an incentive to (make) greater efforts(刺激某人做出更大的努力)。
be an incentive to 对……起刺激(鼓励)作用/material incentives 物质刺激
Hope of becoming a scientist is his incentive to hard work.
成为一名科学家的愿望，激励着他努力工作。
incidence
n. extent to which sth. happens or has an effect 发生 （率）， 频率， 事情发生或具有影响的程度 the act or an instance of happening； occurrence 发生，发生的行为或事件；出现
the incidence of disease 发病率/the incidence of cancer 癌症发病率/the incidence of divorce 离婚率/the incidence of burglary 入室盗窃发生率
Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness， increased frequency of urial illnesses， and increased incidence of injuries.
体力症状包括持续的肌肉酸疼、病毒感染频发以及受伤事件增加。（2003年9月阅读理解）
There is a high incidence of divorce among couples who marry within a year of meeting.
在见面认识一年就结婚的夫妇中存在着高离婚率。
incidentally
adv. used to introduce sth additional that the speaker has just thought of 说话者用以引人临时想到补充要说的事情） 顺便提一句 in an incidental way 偶然地；不经意地
Some people， and incidentally that includes Arthur， just won t look after themselves properly.
有些人，比如说阿瑟吧，就是不能好好自理。
Potential grandparents would be reminded that， without grandchildren around， it s possible to have a conversation with your kids， who incidentally would have more time for their own parents.
当然要提醒那些可能要成为祖父母的人：身边没有孙儿，他们就可能有机会和子女聊天，随便提一句，自己的子女也会有更多的时间给自己。(2006年1月阅读理解)
inclusive
adj. including everything 总括的，包括一切在内的 including all the numbers or dates 首末日(或页码、数字等)包括在内的
inclusive，through
inclusive 和 through 均指时间的“包括最后一天在内”。在美国常用 through 代替 inclusive。Wednesday to Friday inclusive = Wednesday through (或 through to) Friday 周三到周五(首尾两天都包括在内)。inclusive 还指“包括(一切费用在内)的。如：There are 10 people present at the banquet， inclusive of the hosts. 主客共10人出席这次宴会。如：From Tuesday through Friday， he is always busying. 从周二到周五，他一直很忙。
inclusive of 包括
The team consists of 15 people， inclusive of the caption.
那支队伍连船长在内15人。
incorporate
v. to unite (one thing) with something else already in existence 合并，使组成公司，具体表现
incorporate with 混合，合并/incorporate new ideas into a book 在书中体现新思想/a firm incorporated with another 与另一家公司合并的公司/incorporate a chemical substance with others 把一种化学物质和其他化学物质混合
The shopping center also incorporates a library and a bank.
商业中心还包括一个图书馆和一家银行。
incredible
adj. impossible to believe 难以置信的
Ainstein s theory of relativity seemed incredible at the time when it was first introduced.
爱因斯坦的相对论在首次被提出时似乎是令人难以置信的。
incur
v. cause oneself to suffer (sth. bad) 招致；惹起
incur disease 招致疾病/incur hatred 招致仇恨/incur danger 招致危险/incur debts 负债/incur a heavy penalty 遭受重罚
During his stay in London he incurred debts of over 200 pounds.
在伦敦逗留期间他负了 200 多英镑的债。
indefinite
adj. not exact or clear 不清楚的，不精确的 not clearly defined or stated 不确定的，未决定的
an indefinite answer 含糊其辞的答复/indefinite strike 无期限罢工
The directions we were given were so indefinite that we lost our way.
指给我们的路很不明确，结果我们迷了路。
indicative
adj. stating a fact or asking question of fact 指示的；陈述的
be indicative of 表示；表明/the indicative mood 陈述语气，陈述式
All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor，indicative of their multicultural communities.
2000年奥运会的所有仪式都具有独特的澳大利亚风格，象征着这个国家是多文化社会群体。（2002年6月阅读理解）
indignant
adj. angry and scornful， esp. at injustice or because of underserved blame， etc. 愤慨的
an indignant glance 愤怒的一瞥/boisterously indignant 狂怒的/righteously indignant 义愤的/wax indignant over...因……而发怒/be indignant at/over/about sth. 对（某事）感到愤慨/be indignant with sb. 对（某人）感到气愤
Mr. Smith became very indignant when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.
史密斯先生在有人暗示他犯了错误时变得非常生气。（2000年6月阅读理解）
indignation
n. anger caused by sth thought to be unjust， unfair， etc (对不公正的事激起的）愤慨，愤怒
indignation at the injustice 对不公平的愤慨/arouse sb. s indignation激起某人的愤怒/restrain indignation 抑制愤怒/show indignation 表现出愤怒/show indignation 表现出愤怒/quench indignation 息怒/to sb. s indignation 使某人感到气愤的是/an indignation meeting 声讨会
Much to my indignation， he sat down in my seat.
我生气的是他坐在我的座位上。
induce
vt. to lead or move，as to a course of action，by influence or persuasion 劝诱，促使，导致，引起，感应
induce意为“引诱，劝”，含有引导的意思，不见得有坏的动机。如：Advertisements induce people to buy.(广告劝诱人们去购买物品。)A sound argument induces people to agree.(言之成理的论点会说服人们同意。) induce还作“造成，引起”解。如：Too much food induces sleepiness.(吃得过饱会产生睡意。)
induced abortion 人工流产
Nothing shall induce me to join their club.
我怎么都不会去加入他们的俱乐部。
indulge
ｖ. to allow to enjoy whatever he likes (使)沉迷(于) to yield too much to the desires of someone 放任，放纵
indulge 作vi.时后接in，作“沉溺于，沉迷于，享受”讲。
indulge children 纵容小孩/indulge in emotions 任性/indulge oneself in delights of leisure 一味贪图安逸/indulge one s hobby 沉湎于业余癖好/indulge sb. s son 纵容某人的儿子/indulge a sick person 迁就病人
On weekends my grandma usually indulges in a glass of wine.
我的奶奶在周末通常要喝杯酒。
That s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro and buying gas masks.
这就是为什么哈洛韦尔认为去年秋天人们表现出极端忧虑的行为是可以理解的，无论是找医生开抗炭疽菌的药物，还是购买防毒面罩。(2006年12月)
inertia
n. lack of vigor 无活力；迟钝 tendency to remain unchanged 惰性；保守 property of matter by which it remains in a state of rest unless acted upon by an external force 惯性
gross inertia 十足的惰性/mental inertia 头脑迟钝
It was difficult to overcome the inertia of the heavy roller and start it moving.
克服这笨重的压路机的惯性并使它开始滚动很费劲。
infectious
adj. (of a disease caused by bacteria， etc that are passed on from one person to another ( 指疾病）传染的，感染的
an infectious disease （空气传播）传染病/infectious laughter 有感染力的笑声
Flu is highly infectious.
流感的传染性很强。
inference
n. process of inferring 推论；推理；推断
If he is guilty then by inference so is she， ie this conclusion follows logically from the same set of facts.
如果他有罪，可推断出她也有罪。
Is that a fair inference (to draw) from his statement？
从他的说法中得出这种结论恰当吗？
inflation
n. rise in prices resulting from an increase in the supply of money 通货膨胀，物价上涨 the act of inflating or the state of being inflated充气，膨胀
Over the past decade， prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate.
在过去十多年中，价格上涨超过了通货膨胀科率的两倍。(2006年6月阅读理解)
inflict
vt. to cause to suffer 使遭受(损伤，痛苦等)，使承担 to force sth. unpleasant on 把……强加于
inflict意为“使蒙受(损失，灾难等)，强加于”，宾语后面与介词on(或upon)连。如：inflict a defeat(loss)on the enemy(给敌人遭受失败/损失)；inflict harm on sb.(加害于某人)；inflict punishment upon sb.(惩罚某人)。
inflict a blow on sb. 给某人以打击/inflict...on/upon...使……遭受(损伤，痛苦等)；处(罚)，加(刑)
Montgomery believed in assembling an overwhelming force and then inflicting a crushing blow on his opponent.
蒙哥马利信奉招集一支无可抵御的军队，然后给对手以毁灭性的打击。
ingenious
adj. having or showing cleverness at making or inventing things 机灵的，有独创性的 skillfully made 精巧的，巧妙的
ingenious常指人的头脑聪明，有发明的才能。如：an ingenious designer(心灵手巧的设计师)；an ingenious mind(机灵的头脑)；an ingenious author(有创造力的作家)。ingenious不同于ingenuous，后者意为“天真的；直率的；坦白的；老实的”。如：an ingenuous country girl(率直的乡村姑娘)。
ingenious，ingenuous
ingenious 与 ingenuous 的差异。前者指灵巧的，机敏的(指人)；巧妙的，精巧的(指物)；后者指直率的，诚恳的，朴实的。如：This mousetrap is an ingenious device.这捕鼠器是个精巧的装置。如：He was soft spoken and ingenuous.他说话温柔，天真坦率。
an ingenious mind 机灵的头脑/an ingenious machine 精巧的机器/flexible and ingenious tactics 机动灵活的战术/ingenious at soloing difficulty 善于解决困难/an ingenious plan 别出心裁和计划
Logically， one day raw materials must run out： the planet is a finite place， yet is also very big， and man is very ingenious.
理论上讲，世界上的原材料是必然会耗尽的，因为地球这颗行星是一个有限的空间，但是地球也的确非常大，而且人类非常具有创造力。（2002年6月阅读理解）
It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ingenious plan.
提出这样聪明的计划需要发挥许多想像力。
ingredient
n. an element in a mixture or compound； a constituent 成分，要素 any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish （烹调用的）调料
This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for longterm successful farming.
这就意味着表层土壤中所含有的能保护长期优质耕种所必需的成分很少。(2005年6月阅读理解)
inhabit
v. to live or reside in； occupy 居住；栖息；占据
inhabit a city 住在城市
inhibit
vt. to hold back from sth. 抑制，禁止，约束
inhibit sb. from doing sth.妨碍某人(做某事)
The medicine inhibited the spread of the disease.
这种药抑制疾病的蔓延。
initiate
ｖｔ. to start sth. working 开始，着手
作“正式加入”和“传授，启蒙”讲时，后常接into。
initiate into 介绍参加，使进入/使有初步了解/initiate a conversation 开始交谈/initiate a chain reaction 引起连锁反应/initiate a new programme of reform 开始实施一项新的改革方案/initiate sb.in (to) the ballet 把芭蕾舞的基本技巧教给某人/initiate new members 接纳新会员
The government will initiate a reform in the educational system.
政府将着手教育体制的改革。
In November 1987 the government initiated a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.
1987年11月，政府发起了一场关于官方体育政策未来方向的公开讨论。
initiative
n. the power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task； enterprise and determination 发端；首创（精神）；主动；积极性 adj. of or relating to initiation. 开始的，与开始有关的
take the initative 采取主动/do sth. on one s own initiative 主动地做某事
inject
ｖｔ. to make enter a part of the body by means of a special needle 注射 to add sth. needed to sth. 注入
后接into或with。inject的喻义为“插(话)；引入；投入”。如：When she and I were talking， he injected a remark into the conversation.(在她和我谈话的时候，他插嘴讲了一句话。They were against injecting politics into the games.(他们反对把政治引入体育运动会。)
inject...into...把……注入到/inject with 用……来注射
The desperate doctors injected every possible drug into him with a view to saving his life.
绝望的医生为了救他的命给他注射了每种可能救命的药。
inland
adj. of， relating to， or located in the interior part of a country or region 内陆的，内地的 operating or applying within the borders of a country or region 国内的 adv. in or towards the interior 在内地，在内陆
inland towns 内地城市/an inland river 内河/inland telegraph 国内电报/inland waters 内陆水域
Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet， flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland.
海平面上涨了将近 400 英尺，淹没了海岸上的一些居民区，迫使人们迁往内陆。（2002年6月阅读理解）
He traveled inland from New York to Chicago.
他从纽约朝内陆方向旅行到芝加哥。
inlet
n. a recess， such as a bay or cove， along a coast 水湾，小湾 an opening providing a means of entrance or intake 入口，进口
innovation
n. innovating 革新；改革；创新；引入新事物 instance of this； new technique， idea， etc 新方法、新技术、新思想等
technical innovation 技术革新/educational innovation 教育革新/radical innovations 彻底的改革/introduce an innovation 采用一项革新/make an innovation 进行革新/oppose innovation 反对创新
The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller.
本世纪发明的空中旅行似乎使世界变小了。
Beyond the realm of information technology， the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business， wiped out others， and produced a Pervasive( 广泛的) demand for continuous innovation.
除了信息技术领域，几乎每个产业的技术变化的加速发展都创造了全新的产业，淘汰了其他一些产业，并对持续创新提出了广泛的需求。(2006年1月阅读理解)
innumerable
adj. too many to be counted 数不清的；无数的
an innumerable throng of people 人山人海/innumerable grains of sand 数不清的砂粒/innumerable problems 无数问题/innumerable letters 无数信件/innumerable occasions 无数场合，无数次
An innumerable crowd of people gathered in the Time square on the Christmas Eve.
圣诞节前夕，时代广场上人山人海。
insane
adj. of people and their acts mad 疯的 very foolish 愚蠢的，荒唐的
insane还可作“蠢极的；荒唐的”解。如：He was dumbfounded by the insane assault.(他被这一荒唐的攻击搞得目瞪口呆。)insane的反义词是sane。
an insane person 疯子/go insane 发疯/insane asylum 精神病院，疯人院/be insane on subject 在某个问题上是荒谬的/drive sb.insane 逼疯某人/insane actions 疯狂的行动
The insane person as committed to a mental hospital.
那个疯子被关进了精神病院。
insight
n. ability to see into the true nature of sth. 洞察力，见识
Besides cloning a great dog， the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture.
除了克隆一只好狗，这个项目还可以提供给我们对自然生存与人工培养对比更深的见解。（2005年1月阅读理解）
inspiration
n. stimulation of the mind， feelings， etc to do sth beyond a person s usual ability， esp creative ability in art， literature， music， etc； state or quality of being inspired 灵感 person or thing that causes this state 鼓舞或激励人的人或事物 (sudden) good idea resulting from such a state （心血来潮的） 妙计，好主意，灵机
have a sudden inspiration 灵机一动/derive/get/draw inspiration from 从……获得灵感/give (the) inspiration to 启发；鼓舞
Her work shows real inspiration.
她的作品表现出她很有灵感。
I ve just had an inspiration： why don t we try turning it the other way！
我突然想到一个好主意：我们何不试试向相反的方向转一转呢！
installment
n. one of a number of successive payments in settlement of a debt 分期付款 a portion of sht， such as a publication， issued at intervals 分期连载的文学作品的一章或一部
keep up installments 按时支付分期付款/pay by/in installments 分期付款/installment plan （美语）分期付款购买（=hire purchase)
We couldn t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly installments.
我们没有足够的钱买房，所以就只有贷款买，然后按月付款。（2002年6月阅读理解）
instantaneous
adj. occurring or completed without perceptible delay 即刻的，瞬间的
an instantaneous answer 立即回答/instantaneous death 立即死去/an instantaneous explosion 瞬间爆炸/instantaneous response 即刻的反应/an instantaneous photography 快照
She took powerful poison and her death was instantaneous.
她服下毒药，立即死去。
instrumental
adj. in doing sth being the means of bringing sth about 作为促成某事物之手段；有帮助；起作用 of or for musical instruments 乐器的；为器乐用的
instrumental music 器乐/ be instrumental in doing sth. 对……有帮助
Our artistic director was instrumental in persuading the orchestra to come and play for us.
我们的艺术指导大费唇舌请来管弦乐队为我们演出。
insulate
v. to prevent the passage of heat，electricity，or sound into or out of，esp.by surrounding with a nonconducting aterial 使绝热；使绝缘to cause to be in a detached or isolated position 隔离，使处于孤立或隔绝的位置
insulate在物理学中的意思是“使绝缘；使隔热；使隔音”。如：Electric wires should be insulated with a nonconducting substance.(电线应该用非导体绝缘。)Doubleglazing of windows helps to insulate the house from the cold weather.(给窗子装上双层玻璃有助于使房子与寒冷的天气绝缘。)
insulate an electric wire with rubber 用橡皮使电线绝缘/insulating tape 绝缘胶带
Rubber is used to insulate electric wires.
橡胶被用来使电线绝缘。
intact
adj. undamaged； complete 原封未动的，未受损的
keep/leave sth. intact 使某物保持原样
He can scarcely survive this scandal with his reputation intact.
他经此丑闻，名誉很难不受损。
integral
adj. essential or necessary for completeness； constituent 构成整体所必须的，整体的 expressed as or in terms of integers 整数的，用整数表示的 n. a complete unit； a whole 整体；全体
an integral part of the whole 整体的组成部分/be integral to 对……是不可或缺的，对……（构成整体）是必需的
Students must be incorporated， made， so far as possible， an integral part of the learning process.
学生们必须尽可能地被编入或组织到整个教学过程中，成为其中有机的一部分。（2003年6月阅读理解）
The kitchen is an integral part of a house.
厨房是住房不可缺少的部分。
integrate
v. combine sth. in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth. else 结合，使……成为一体
integrate... into 使……并入/integrate with 与……结合
integrity
n. quality of being honest and upright in character 正直，诚实 state or condition of being complete 完整，完善，健全
honesty， integrity
honesty 一般用词，指与人相处时公正，遵守道德标准，不欺骗，不说谎，不偷窃。如：I m sure of his honesty. 我相信他是诚实的。 integrity指品格纯正，廉洁奉公，不偏心。如：The judge s integrity was unquestioned. 那个法官为人正直，是毫无异议的。
a man of integrity 正直的人/territorial integrity 领土完整/commercial integrity 商业诚实/not on integrity 残缺不全
The time-honored values of integrity of character， good work， friendship， family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
长期以来受人尊重的价值观念，如诚实的品质、良好的工作、友谊、家庭和社区等往往在追求财富中被牺牲了。（2003年1月阅读理解）
Mutual respect for territorial integrity is one of the basses upon which our two countries develop relationships.
相互尊重领土完整是我们两国关系的基础之一。
It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue， and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing then a venal.
它质疑了那些把学术诚实作为最高品质的专业人士的诚信，并且成为那些认为科学家们都是可以收买从而想毁其名誉的人的证据。(2006年1月阅读理解)
intellect
n. the ability to learn and reason； the capacity for knowledge and understanding 理解力；思维能力；理智，智力 a person of great intellectual ability 明智者，有才智的人
intelligible
adj. which can be understood 可理解的，明白易懂的
an intelligible explanation 明白易懂的解释/make oneself intelligible 使人明白/an intelligible reader 理解力高的读者/an intelligible decision 明智的决定
The science teacher s explanations were so intelligible that students had no problems doing their assignments.
理科老师的解释非常明白易懂，因而学生们做作业没任何问题。
intensify
v. to become more intense (使)增强，(使)变尖锐
intensify the struggle for peace 加强争取和平的斗争
They have intensified the patrols along the frontier.
他们加强了边境沿线的巡逻。
intent
adj. showing fixed attention in doing or wishing to do 专心/注的 n. purpose 意图，意向 intention 企图
be intent on/upon 一心想(做某事)/of intent 有意的/to all intents (and purposes) 实际上，基本上
The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies， assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
新哈佛媒体与儿童健康中心收集和规范对暴力媒体的研究，目的是为了对比它们的方法、假设和结论，这是在正确的方式上迈出的重要一步。(2006年6月阅读理解)
The burglar broke into the house with intent to steal.
盗贼闯入房内意欲行窃。
interact
v. act or have an effect on each other 相互作用，相互影响
interact on 相互作用……，相互影响……/interact with 与……相互作用，与……相互影响
All things are interrelated and interact on each other.
一切事物互相联系并互相作用。
interim
n. during the time that comes between； meantime 在其间；在其时 adj. existing or in force only for a short time； temporary； provisional 暂时的；临时的
interim trial 临时试验/an interim dividend （未决算的）暂定股利/an interim report 临时性的报告/an interim government 过渡政府/an interim agreement 一项临时协议/at interim 暂时的；临时代理的/in the interim 在这期间；在过渡期间/during the interim 在……的整个期间
My new job starts in May. what are you doing in the interim ？
我的新工作五月开始。这期间你干什么呢？
intermittent
adj. of or on the inside 内部的 of affairs within a country 国内的；内政的
There will be intermittent thunderstorms throughout the day.
一整天将有间歇的雷暴雨。
intersection
n. intersecting or being intersected 横断；横切；相交；交叉 point where two lines， etc intersect 交点 place where two or more roads intersect； crossroads 交叉路口；十字路口
at a street intersection 在交叉路口/at the intersection of... and... 在……路与……路的相交处
Bridges are used to avoid the intersection of a railroad and a highway.
天桥用来避免铁路和公路的交叉。
intervene
ｖｉ. to interrupt sth. esp. to prevent a bad result 干涉，干预 to come between events 介入，插入
intervene， interfere
intervene， interfere两个都可表示“干预，干涉”， intervene 常含有干预争端或调停的意思，而 interfere 一般含有妨碍的意思；intervene in， interfere in：指“介/插入”(时间或空间)时，要用 intervene in/between；interfere 后跟 with 则意为“阻挠，妨碍”。如：He intervened in the quarrel between them. 他出面调停他们之间的争吵。如：None of them has any right to interfere with me. 他们中谁也无权干涉我。
intervene in 干预，干涉/intervene in a dispute 调停争论/intervene between 在……之间进行调停
The argument between the two boys became so fierce that Dad had to intervene and tell them to behave.
两个男孩争论得如此激烈，以致爸爸不得不干涉，叫他们规矩点。
intimidate
ｖｔ. to make sb. fearful enough to do what one wants 恐吓，威胁
intimidate sb. into doing sth. 胁迫某人做某事/intimidate a witness 恐吓证人/intimidate with 用……吓唬
The major s enemies accused him of trying to use policemen to intimidate voters on election day.
市长的敌人指控他企图在大选日动用警察恐吓投票者。
intricate
adj. made up of many small parts put together in a complex way， and therefore difficult to follow or understand 复杂的；难懂的
an intricate instrument 复杂的仪器/an intricate plot 错综复杂的情节/ an intricate design 难懂的设计/an intricate knot 复杂难解的结
Although the body is made up of many different tissues， these tissues are arranged in an intricate and orderly fashion.
虽然身体由许多不同的器官构成，但这些器官却分布得精巧而且有序。（2000年1月阅读理解）
An detective story usually has an intricate plot.
侦探小说通常有错综复杂的情节。
intrigue
ｖ. to interest greatly 激起……的好奇心/兴趣 to make a secret plan 密谋，施诡计 n. plot， secret plan 阴谋，诡计
作不及物动词时，后可接with或against。
intrigue with A against B 与A密谋杀害B /a diplomatic/political intrigue 外交(政治)阴谋
The are intriguing against the local government.
他们正密谋反对当地政府。
intrinsic
adj. being part of the nature or character of sb. or sth. 生来的，内在的，固有的
intrinsic energy 内能/intrinsic speed 特性(本征)速度/a man s intrinsic worth 一个人内在的优点
The intrinsic value of a coin is the value of the metal it is made of.
一枚钱币的内在价值是造这枚钱币的金属的价值。
intuition
n. power of understanding things immediately，without the need for conscious reasoning or study 直觉，直觉力
powers of intuition 直觉能力/mysterious intuition 神秘的直觉/trust one s intuition 相信直觉
Intuition is the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study.
直觉力是不经推理或研究就能立即理解某事物的能力。
invalid
adj. not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning 论据不足的 not officially acceptable or legally recognized 无效的，法律或官方不认可的 n. person weakened through illness or injury 病号
invalid claims 无效的要求/invalid will 无效的遗嘱/invalid contracts 无效的契约/declare a marriage invalid 宣布结婚无效/invalid soldiers 伤兵/a bedridden invalid 卧床不起的病人/a chronic invalid 患慢性病的病人/a war invalid 战争造成的伤病员
Unless it is signed， a check is invalid.
支票除非签字，否则是无效的。
invaluable
adj. of value too high to be measured 极宝贵的，有用的，无价的
作表语时，后可接介词to。通常不指价格、金额，而用于比喻义。
an invaluable treasure 无价之宝/make oneself invaluable to the country 使自己成为国家的宝贵人才
These manus are invaluable to scholars and should be in a museum.
这些罕见的手稿对学者来说十分珍贵，应该放在博物馆。
invariable
adj. not changing or subject to change； constant 不变地，总是
Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves invariably know where to look for them.
千万别把钥匙藏在家里，因为小偷总是知道在哪儿能找到它们。
inventory
n. detailed list， eg of goods， furniture， jobs to be done 详细目录，清单（如商品、家具、要做的事的单子）
keep/make a full， complete， careful inventory (of sth) 记录（某事物的）详尽的、完整的、仔细的清单
They will make an inventory of all the items in the estate.
他们将对庄园内的所有物品开列一份清单。
invert
v. put sth. upside down or in the opposite order 倒置，颠倒 n. sth. inverted 颠倒的事物
invert the subject and predicate of a sentence 颠倒句子中主语和谓语的位置/inverted comma 引号/inverted order 倒装语序
Inflation inverts all the old canons of economics.
通货膨胀把原有的经济学准则统统颠倒过来了。
irony
n. expression of one s meaning by saying the direct opposite of one s thoughts 反语，反话，讽刺
the irony of fate 命运的嘲弄/irony of circumstances 客观形势的嘲弄/Socratic irony 苏格拉底式的佯装无知愚弄对方
But here s the crazy irony， I don t want my childfree life back.
但这也是一个极大的讽刺：我不想回到没有小孩的生活。(2006年1月阅读理解)
It was an irony that the firehouse burned.
消防站被火烧了，这可是个讽刺。
irrespective
adj. not taking account of 不顾的，不管的，不考虑的
irrespective of 是常用语，它后面跟名词或名词性短语。
irrespective of age(sex) 不论年龄大小(性别)/irrespective of 不管，不论，不顾/irrespective of the consequences 不顾后果/irrespective of the cost 不惜工本/irrespective of duty status 不论职位高低/irrespective of sex，age or education 不论性别、年龄或教育程度
Students irrespective of nationality and sex， may join the club.
不论国籍和性别，所有的学生都可以参加俱乐部。
irrigate
v. supply with water 灌溉 wash a wound with a constant flow of liquid 冲
洗（伤口）
an irrigation channel 灌溉渠/bring the farm land under irrigation 使农田水利化
Now in western part of China， the government class on people to irrigate the desert areas to make them fertile.
目前在中国西部，政府号召人们对沙漠进行灌溉，以使那里的土壤变得肥沃。
irritate
ｖｔ. to make sb. annoyed or impatient 激怒，使烦躁 to make painful or sore 使疼痛
irritate还可作“激怒，使恼怒；使烦躁”解，指由于外界的原因而生气。如：be irritated by sb. s insolence(被某人的傲慢无礼弄得恼火)。irritateirritable (adj. 易怒的，急躁的)。如：an irritable disposition(急躁的脾性)。
be irritated against (by，with) sb. 对某人生气
Please do not be irritated by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.
请不要为他冲撞的话不快，因为他只不过是想引起人们的注意而已。（2002年1月阅读理解）
ivory
n. a hard， smooth， yellowishwhite substance composed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks of the elephant 象牙 a pale or grayish yellow to yellowish white 象牙色，乳白色
ivory tower 象牙塔（与世隔绝的境界）/ivory yellow 乳白色/artificial ivory 人造象牙/fossil ivory 象牙化石/Ivory coast 象牙海岸/solid ivory (俚）头脑迟钝的人；笨蛋/show one s ivory （俚）露出牙齿，咧着嘴笑
The museum has a fine collection of medieval ivories.
该博物馆收藏着一批精美的中世纪象牙制品。