galaxy
ｎ. any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系 a splendid gathering of people or things esp. those famous (杰出或著名人物的)云集
galaxy作“银河系；银河”解时，常拼写成Galaxy。galaxy的引申义为“一群(杰出或著名的人物)；一批(引人瞩目的东西)”。如：a galaxy of talent(一批人才)；a galaxy of lights(一片灯光)。
a galaxy of beautiful women一群美女/a galaxy of talent 一批英才/a galaxy of foreign diplomats 一群外国外交官
Bill and his team work with an optical instrument called an active mirror—a device used in astronomical telescopes to spot newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies.
比尔和他的科研小组使用一种被称之为灵敏镜的光学仪器——一种用在天文望远镜上观测新出现的星体以及极为遥远的星系的装置。（2003年6月阅读理解）
The universe has more than 100 billion separate systems of stars and gas known as galaxies.
宇宙有一千亿以上被叫做星系的星群和气体的独立体系。
gallery
n. room or building for showing works or art 美术品陈列室或展览馆
gamble
v. play games of chance， etc. for money 赌博 n. act of gambling 打赌；投机；冒险；碰运气
gamble away 赌光，输光/gamble at cards 赌纸牌/gamble in stocks进行股票投机/gamble on 在……上进行赌博，在……上进行冒险/gamble with 用……打赌/gamble oneself out house and home 赌得倾家荡产/take a gamble 冒险
You shouldn t gamble with your future.
你不应该拿你的前途作赌注。
gaol
n. prison 监狱
garbage
n. waste material， esp. domestic refuse 废物；（特指家庭的）垃圾
garment
n. article of clothing (一件）衣服
garment workers 制衣工人/a sports garment 运动服/a loose garment 一件宽大的衣服/spring garment 春装/garments for males 男装/mend a garment 补衣服/sew a garment 缝衣服
gasp
ｎ. &； v. to catch the breath suddenly and in a way that can be heard， esp. 喘息 because of surprise， shock， etc. 倒抽气(以示惊讶、震惊)
作不及物动词时，后接with， in， at，表示（因惊吓等)倒抽一口气。gasp at 也可表示“因……大吃惊，大为恐惧”。作及物动词时，后可接out，forth，表示“喘着气说”。进行时态be gasping for表示“渴望，切望”。
at the last gasp 临终，在最后时刻/gasp out/forth喘着气说出/发出/gasp up 断气，咽气/speak between gasps 喘着气说话/a last gasp struggle 垂死挣扎
We heard her gasping out her children s names.
我们听她喘着气说出孩子的名字。
gear
ｎ. a set of toothed wheels working together in a machine 齿轮，传动装置，(排)挡 a set of thing collected together 用具，设备 vt. to adjust so as to match with sth. 使适应，使适合
low gear 低速挡/forward gear 前进挡/a policy geared towards rehabilitation 适应整顿的政策/gear up 使准备好，作好安排/in high gear 以高速/shift gears 变速，改变方式(方法等)/steering gear 转向装置
To survive in the intense trade competition between countries，we must gear the qualities and varieties of products we make to the worldmarket demand.
为了在各国之间激烈的贸易竞争中求生存，我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需要。
Ever since the rise of industrialism， education has been geared towards producing workers.
自从工业化兴起以来，教育面对产业工人而进行了调整。
gene
n. unit in a chromosome which sontrols heredity 基因
generalize
v. draw (a general conclusion) from particular examples or evidence （从某些事例或证据中）归纳，概括出（一般性结论）
generalize about sth. 对……泛泛而谈，笼统地表达……，对……进行推断/generalize a conclusion from the facts 根据事实得出结论
You cannot generalize about the effects of the drug from one or two cases.
不能根据一两个病例就得出该药是否有效的结论。
genetic
adj. of genes； of genetics 基因的；遗传学的
genetic diseases 遗传性疾病/genetic engineer 遗传工程学家/genetic techniques 遗传基因技术/genetic engineering 遗传工程
The human population contains a great variety of genetic variation， but drugs are tested on just a few thousand people.
人类的基因已发生了很大的变化，但药物的测试却只集中在几千人的身上。（2005年1月听力）
All the cells in the body contain the same genetic information.
体内所有细胞含有同样的遗传信息。
geology
n. scientific study of the earth s crust， rocks， strata， etc. 地质学
economic geology 经济地质学/ the geology of the Hudson Valley 哈得孙河流域的地质情况
He was famous for an article on the Moon s geology.
他因写了一篇关于月球地质情况的文章而出了名。
gigantic
adj. relating to or suggestive of a giant 巨人般的，巨大的
gigantic指数量、体积和程度的巨大，常可用enormous替换使用。如：gigantic(或enormous) amounts of money(大量的金钱)；a gigantic(或enormous)rubbish heap(巨大的垃圾堆)。gigantic还可用以修饰抽象名词。如：make a gigantic concession(作巨大的让步)；make a gigantic mistake(犯极大的错误)。
a gigantic threat 巨大的威胁/a gigantic country 庞大的国家/a gigantic network 庞大的网络/a gigantic appetite 极大的胃口/a man of gigantic strength 力大无比的人/make a gigantic mistake 犯极大的错误/make a gigantic concession 做出巨大的让步
given
adj. fixed for a purpose and stated as such 规定的，特定的 in the habit of doing sth.， disposed (to)有癖好的，有倾向的 prep. if one takes into account 考虑到
given后可接名词或that从句，或省略that从句，与此类似的还有granted， granting， assuming， presuming等。
be given over to 致力于，沉溺于，喜欢/be given to understand 得知；获悉，听说；理解
Given normal weather， they will raise the output by another 10 percent.
如果天气正常，他们将把产量提高10%。
People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them； yet， millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent (有支付能力的).
头发花白的老人甚至都无须要求就会经常得到折扣：但是实际上美国有数以百万的60岁以上的老年人都是非常健康并具备相当的支付能力的。(2006年6月阅读理解)
glare
v. shine with a dazzling， unpleasant light 发出眩目而令人不快的强光；怒目而视
give sb. a glare 瞪了某人一眼/look at sb. with a glare 愤怒地看着某人/an angry glare 愤怒的目光/the glare from the fire 刺眼的火花/the glare of a neon sign 霓虹灯广告牌炫目的光/under the glare of the sun 在强烈阳光的照射下
He didn t shout or swear， but just glared silently at me.
他不喊也不骂，只是静静地瞪着我。
gleam
vi. to give out a bright light 闪光，光泽 to be expressed with a sudden light 发亮，闪烁，闪现 n. a sudden flash of light； a sudden showing of a feeling or quality for short time 瞬息的一现
gleam指在黑暗的背景中发出的光亮或照射在较暗的背景上。如：A few scattered bars of light gleamed in the rain through the cottage windows.(从农舍窗户射出的几道稀疏的光柱在雨中闪烁着。)
a gleam of anticipation in one s eyes 眼神中流露出的期待心情/a gleam of hope 一丝希望
It was a glorious night， with a great full moon gleaming in a purple sky.
那是一个令人愉快的夜晚，一轮满月在紫色的天空中发出微光。
glide
v. move along smoothly and continuously 滑行；滑动；滑翔
glide about 滑来滑去/glide down 向下滑，滑翔而下/glide into sleep 不知不觉地睡着了/glide across ice 在冰上滑行/glide through the air 空中滑翔/glide over the lake 掠过湖面/glide over the problems 忽略问题/move with a glide 滑行
The skier glided skillfully down the snow covered slope.
滑雪者熟练地顺着白雪覆盖的斜坡滑下。
glitter
v. shine brightly 闪闪发光；发亮；闪耀
glitter in the sunlight在阳光下闪闪发光/glitter with jewels 珠光宝气/the glitter of christmas decoration 圣诞节绚丽夺目的装饰物/the glitter of tears 泪光/eyes glittering in anger 冒着怒火的眼睛/a glittering vista 光辉灿烂的前景
Beside him sat a rich lady glittering with jewels.
在他旁边坐着一位珠光宝气的阔太太。
global
adj. covering or affecting the whole world； worldwide 全球性的；全世界的
a global whole world； worldwide 全球性的；全世界的/a global tour 环球旅行/global warfare 世界大战
We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grandchildless parents. It s time to establish Planned Grandparenthood， which would have many global and local benefits.
因此我们需要一个组织来杀杀他们的锐气。该是时候建立一个“有计划地做祖父母”的机构了，不论是从整体还是从局部，这个组织都将带来好处。(2006年1月阅读理解)
gloomy
adj. almost dark (阴)暗的 having or giving little hope or cheerfulness (天气)阴沉的； (人)沮丧的； 令人沮丧的
dark， dim，gloomy
dark 为最普通用词，指缺乏自然光线或人工照明，使人辨不清，看不见东西。如：The streets were dark during the blackout.停电时马路上一片漆黑。 dim意为 “暗淡，微暗”，指光线微弱，看不清物体，语气比 dark 弱。如：The room was too dim for me to read the book.房间光线太暗，我不能看书。 gloomy “幽暗，阴郁”，指光线受了阻碍、掩蔽，如乌云密布等，它既可指黑暗无光，也可指暗淡，缺乏光线，有阴森、沉郁、闷闷不乐等意义。如：He looked gloomy.他看上去愁容满面。
gloomy weather 阴沉沉的天气/a gloomy mood 忧郁的心情/gloomy skies 阴沉的天色/a gloomy mood 悲观情绪/the gloomy news 扫兴的消息
Before becoming too gloomy， it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains so.
为了别让话题变得太阴暗，值得回顾一下汽车之所以成为整整百年来最成功地最受欢迎的产品是有依据地，且至今仍然如此。（2003年9月阅读理解）
Their gloomy faces took away his appetite.
他们的愁容让他胃口全无。
In spite of the gloomy economic forecasts， manufacturing output has risen slightly.
尽管经济前景黯淡，但制造产量仍有小幅增长。
This isn t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations， but a fact of Europe s new economic landscape， embraced by sociologists， realestate developers and ad executives alike.
这不是忧郁的哲学所考虑的问题，而是被社会学家、房地产发展商和广告经营者们共同拥护的新的欧洲经济前景。(2005年6月阅读理解)
gorgeous
adj. giving pleasure and satisfaction 令人愉快而满意的；极好的
gorgeous weather 宜人的天气/the gorgeous dresses 华丽的风景/the gorgeous scenery 美丽的风景/a gorgeous sunset 绚丽的夕照/a gorgeous triumph 辉煌的胜利/a gorgeous view of the mountain 这座高山的美丽风景/have a gorgeous time 玩得开心极了/be gorgeous at 很擅长……
I have never seen such a gorgeous mink coat in my life.
我一生还从未见过这么华丽的貂皮大衣。
gossip
n. casual talk about the affairs of other people 闲言碎语；流言蜚语 v. talk gosip 传播流言蜚语；说长道短
gossip about 谈论……的是非长短/gossip with 和……说人闲话/spread gossip 散布流言蜚语/exchange gossip 说是非/talk gossip 说人长短/have a gossip with 与……闲聊/give rise to gossip 引起流言蜚语/the subject of gossip （茶余饭后的）谈资/marketplace gossip 街谈巷议
Don t you hate people who gossip about their friends？
难道你不讨厌那种说朋友是非的人吗？
grab
v. grasp sth. suddenly 抢；抓；抢夺；搜取
gracious
adj. kind， polite and generous 和善的；有礼貌的；大方的
a gracious smile 慈祥的微笑/ a gracious lady和蔼可亲的女士/gracious living 优雅舒适的生活方式/gracious to sb. 对某人和蔼可亲/in a gracious manner 和蔼地，亲切地，优雅地
She greeted her guests in a gracious manner.
她亲切地向客人们打招呼。
graze
v. eat growing grass （指牛羊等）吃青草；擦去某物的皮；擦破
graze cattle 放牛/graze a field 用一块田作牧地/grazing sheep 在吃草的羊/grazing land 牧场/graze one s knee 擦伤了膝盖/the bullet graze 子弹擦伤出/a graze on the arm 臂上的擦伤
Instead of harvesting wheat at a loss， they plan to graze cattle on their field.
他们不再去亏本种小麦了，而是打算在自己田里牧牛。
grease
n. animal fat that has been softened by cooking or heating 动物油脂
dissolve grease 分解油脂/remove grease from 去除……的油污（或油脂）/ a spot of grease 一块油渍
You may put grease on the wheel to make it turn more easily.
你可以在轮子上涂上润滑油使其转动更加灵活。
grief
n. great sorrow or feelings of suffering， esp. at the death of a loved person 悲伤
“造成某人的悲伤”是cause sb.grief或bring sb.to grief；“减轻某人的悲痛”是ease sb. s grief；“掩饰某人的悲痛”是hide sb. s grief；“抑制悲伤”是control one s grief。
come to grief 失败，遭受不幸/die of grief 忧伤而死/easy sb. s grief 减轻某人的悲痛/bring sb.to grief 使某人遭受不幸，使某人失败
He was in deep grief at the death of his wife.
他因丧妻而深感悲伤。
grieve
v. to cause to be sorrowful；distress (使)悲痛，(使)伤心，忧伤
grieve over/got 哀悼
The little girl was grieved by the death of her dog since her affection for the pet had been real and deep.
这个小女孩对她的爱犬之死十分伤心，因为她对爱犬有了真挚的感情。（2001年6月阅读理解）
grim
adj. cruel， hard or causing fear 无情的，严厉的 unpleasant， not cheerful 讨厌的，糟糕的
acknowledge the grim truths 承认无情的真理/grim determination 不屈不挠的决心
His expression was grim when he told them they were to be shot.
当他告诉他们将被处死时，他的神情冷酷。
grin
v. crush sth. to very small pieces 磨成粉状；碾碎；咬碎
groan
v. &； n. make a deep and sad sound 呻吟；叹息
groan bitterly 痛苦地呻吟/groan inwardly 内心感到痛苦/groan with pain 痛苦地呻吟/groan with agony 痛苦地呻吟/ groan out an answer 呻吟着回答/give a groan 发出呻吟/the groans of the wounded 伤员的呻吟声
The patient groaned with agony when he was lifted onto the stretcher.
那位病人在被抬到担架上时，发出痛苦的呻吟。
grope
vi. fell or search about (for sth.) as one does in the dark 暗中摸； 摸索着行进
grope blindly 到处瞎摸/rope one s way 摸索着走路/grope after 寻求，探索/grope for 寻求，探索……/grope for the truth 寻求真理/grope for the right word 搜索恰当的字眼/grope for an explanation 寻找一种解释/grope for an answer 寻求答案/grope about for information 到处搜集情报/grope with one s hand 用手摸索
We are groping for the solution to the problem.
我们正在寻求解决这一问题的方法。
guardian
n. one who guards or protects sth 保护者；保卫者；维护者 person who is legally responsible for sb who cannot manage his own affairs， eg an orphaned child 保护人；监护人
a natural guardian 自然监护人/the guardian of the public morals 公共道德的捍卫者/appoint sb. guardian 指定某人为监护人
The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是维护法纪的人。
guideline
n. advice (usu from sb in authority) on policy （政策的）指导方针
drawing up guidelines on prices and incomes 拟订物价和收入的指标/follow the guidelines closely 遵循指导方针
guy
n. rope or chain used to keep sth steady or secured， eg to hold a tent in place (帐篷等的）支索；牵索；拉索 man 男人；小伙子
the guys at the office办公室的男同事/her guy， ie boyfriend， husband， etc 她那个男朋友
He s a great guy.
他是个了不起的小伙子。