In 1553 it was clear to Northumberland that Edward VI. could not long survive, and that with his death and the succession of Mary, his own future and the future of the religious settlement for which he had striven would be gravely imperilled. In defiance therefore of the late king's will, and of what he knew to be the wishes of the English people, for all through Edward's reign the Princess Mary was a great favourite with the nation, he determined to secure the succession for Lady Jane Grey, the grand-daughter of Henry VIII.'s sister Mary. Such a succession, he imagined, would guarantee his own safety and the triumph of Protestantism, more especially as he took care to bring about a marriage between the prospective queen and his son, Lord Guildford Dudley. When everything had been arranged the Chief Justice and the two leading law officers of the crown were summoned to the bedside of the dying king, and instructed to draw up a deed altering the succession. They implored the king to abandon such a project, and pointed out that it was illegal and would involve everyone concerned in it in the guilt of treason, but Northumberland's violence overcame their scruples, particularly as their own safety was assured by a commission under the great seal and a promise of pardon. When the document was drawn up it was signed by the king, the judges, and the members of the council. Cranmer hesitated on the ground that he had sworn to uphold the will of Henry VIII., but as the situation was a desperate one, he agreed finally to follow the example that had been set (June 1553). The preachers were instructed to prepare the people for the change by denouncing both Mary and Elizabeth as bastards. On the 6th July Edward VI. died at Greenwich, but his death was kept a secret until Northumberland's plans could be matured. Four days later Lady Jane Grey arrived in London, and the proclamation of her accession to the throne was received with ominous silence in the streets of the capital.
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[1] /The Life and Death of Thomas Wolsey, written by one of his Servants/; ed. by Simpson, 1901. Cavendish, /The Life of Cardinal Wolsey/, 1885. Creighton, /Cardinal Wolsey/, 1888. Taunton, /Thomas Wolsey, Legate and Reformer/, 1902.
[2] O'Donovan, /Assertio Septem Sacramentorum/, etc., 1908.
[3] Id., 118-26.
[4] On the Divorce proceedings, cf. Harpsfield, /A Treatise on the Pretended Divorce between Henry VIII. and Catharine of Aragon/, (written 1556, ed. 1878). Hope, /The First Divorce of Henry VIII.
as told in the State Papers/, 1894. Ehses, /R?mische Dokumente zur Geschichte der Ehescheidung/, 1893. Thurston, /Clement VII., Campeggio and the Divorce/ (American Cath. Quart. Rev., 1904).
Id., /The Canon Law of the Divorce/ (Eng. Hist. Review, 1904).
Gairdner, /New Lights on the Divorce/ (Eng. Hist. Rev., 1897, also 1892). Friedman, /Anne Boleyn/, 2 vols., 1884.
[5] Ehses, op. cit., 21-7.
[6] Ehses, op. cit., p. xxxiii.
[7] Id., 14-16.
[8] Ehses, op. cit., pp. 28-31.
[9] /Political History of England/, vol. v., 280-1.
[10] Ehses, op. cit., p. xxxi., sqq.
[11] Brewer, /Reign of Hen. VIII./, ii., 346-51.
[12] Ehses, 120-5.
[13] Brewer, op. cit., 466-7.
[14] /Pol. Hist. of England/, v., 301.
[15] /Letters and Papers, Henry VIII./, iv., 64-78.
[16] Rymer, /Foedera/, xiv., 405.
[17] Ehses, op. cit., 163-4.
[18] Ehses, 167 sqq.
[19] Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation/, i., 300.
[20] Gairdner, /Hist. of Eng. Ch. in XVIth Century/, 114.
[21] /Letters and Papers/, v., 886.
[22] Ehses, op. cit., 200-1.
[23] Haile, /The Life of Reginald Pole/, 1910, p. 88.
[24] For his dying statement against Royal Supremacy, vid. /Dublin Review/ (April, 1894).
[25] /Pol. Hist. of England/, v., 318.
[26] /Pol. Hist. of England/, v., 318-19.
[27] Ehses, op. cit., 212-13.
[28] Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation/, i., 48-52.
[29] /Pol. Hist. of England/, v., 344.
[30] /Lollardy and the Reformation/, i., 424-35.
[31] Cf. Bridgett, /Life of Blessed John Fisher/, 1888. Stewart, /Life of John Fisher/, 1879. Baily (Hall), /Life and Death of John Fisher/, 1655.
[32] Cf. Roper, /The Life, Arraignment, and Death of ... Sir Thomas More/, 1629 (reprinted 1903). Bridgett, /Life and Writings of Sir Thomas More/, 1891. Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation/, (chap. iv., v.).
[33] /Pol. Hist. of England/, v., 361.
[34] Cf. Gasquet, /Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries/. Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation, II./ (chap. ii., iii.).
[35] Turnbull, /Account of Monastic Treasures confiscated at the Dissolution/, etc., 1836.
[36] Gairdner, /Letters and Papers Hen. VIII./, xi., xii.
[37] Haile, /Life of Reginald Pole/ (chap. ix.-xi.).
[38] Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation/, vol. ii., 304 sqq.
[39] Gairdner, /Hist. of the Eng. Church in the XVIIth Cent./, 177-8.
[40] Gairdner, /The Story of the English Bible/ (/Loll. and the Ref./, ii. 221 sqq.).
[41] /English Statutes/, 34 and 35 Hen. VIII., c. 50.
[42] Gairdner, /German Protestants and the Act of Six Articles/ (op.
cit., ii., 170-220.)
[43] Merriman, /Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell/, 2 vols., 1902.
[44] Tytler, /England under Edward VI. and Mary/, 2 vols., 1839.
[45] Gasquet-Bishop, /Edw. VI. and the Book of Common Prayer/, 43-4.
[46] Cf. Dodd-Tierney, /Church Hist. of England/, ii., app. iii.
[47] Id., app. iv.
[48] Lee, /Edw. VI., Supreme Head/, 39.
[49] Gasquet-Bishop, op. cit., 69-77.
[50] Leach, /Eng. Schools at the Reformation/, 1-7.
[51] Gasquet-Bishop, op. cit., 92-96.
[52] /Cambridge Mod. History/, ii., 477.
[53] Gasquet-Bishop, op. cit., 83 sqq. Dixon, /History of the Church/, ii., 476.
[54] Gasquet-Bishop, op. cit., chap. ix.
[55] Dodd-Tierney, ii., app. ix.
[56] Gasquet-Bishop, op. cit., chap. x.
[57] /The First Prayer Book of King Edw. VI./, 1549 (Westminster Library). Proctor-Frere, /New History of the Book of Common Prayer/, 1901.
[58] Rose-Troup, /The Western Rebellion of 1549/, 1913.
[59] Russell, /Kett's Rebellion/, 1859.
[60] Gairdner, /Lollardy and the Reformation/, iii., 125-7.
[61] /The Forme and Maner of makyng and consecratyng of Archebishoppes, Bishoppes, Priestes, and Deacons/.
[62] /Stat. 3rd and 4th, Edw. VI./, c. 10.
[63] Gairdner, op. cit., iii., 273.
[64] Lee, op. cit., 214.
[65] /Stat. 5th and 6th, Edw. III./, c. 50.
[66] Gairdner, op. cit., iii., 349-50.
[67] Gairdner, op. cit., iii., 376-77.
[68] Gairdner, op. cit., iii., 201.