书城公版The Origins of Contemporary France
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第835章

[121] Archives Nationales, II., § 1, file 2. (Deliberations of the commune of Troyes, Vent?se 15, year III.) - "Un Sejour en France."(Amiens, May 9, 1795.) "As we had obtained a few six franc crowns and were able to get a small supply of wheat. . . . Mr. D and the servants eat bread made of three fourths bran and one fourth flour.

When we bake it we carefully close the doors, paying no attention to the door bell, and allow no visitor to come in until every trace of the operation is gone. . . The distribution now consists of a mixture of sprouted wheat, peas, rye, etc., which scarcely resembles bread." (April 12.) "The distribution of bread (then) was a quarter of a pound a day. Many of those who in other respects were well off, got nothing at all."[122] Ibid. (Letters of the municipality of Troyes, Vent?se 15, year III., and Germinal 6.) Letter of the three deputies, sent by the municipality to Paris, Pluvi?se , year III. (no date.)[123] "Un Sejour en France." (Amiens, Jan. 30, 1795.) Archives Nationales. AF.,II., 74. (Deliberation of the commune of Amiens, Thermidor 8, and Fructidor 7, year III.)[124] "Souvenirs et Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux," p. 97. (The women stop carts loaded with wheat, keep them all night, stone and wound Representative Bernier, and succeed in getting, each, eight pounds of wheat.)[125] Archives Nationales, AF.,II., 73. (Letter of the municipality of Dieppe, Prairial 22.) - AF.,II., 74. (Letter of the municipality of Vervins, Messidor 7. Letter of the municipality of Lille, Fructidor 7.)[126] "Correspondance de Mallet du Pan avec la Cour de Vienne," I., 90. Ibid., 131. One month later a quintal of flour at Lyons is worth two hundred francs and a pound of bread forty-five sous.

[127] Archives Nationales, AF., II., 13. (Letter of the deputies extraordinary of the three administrative bodies of Chartres, Thermidor 15: "In the name of this commune dying of hunger ") - "The inhabitants of Chartres have not even been allowed to receive their rents in grain; all has been poured into the government storehouses."[128] Ibid. (Petition of the commune of La Rochelle, Fructidor 25, that of Painb?uf, Fructidor 9, that of the municipality of Nantes, Thermidor 14, that of Rouen, Fructidor 1.) - Ibid., AF.,II, 72.

(Letter of the commune of Bayonne, Fructidor 1.) "Penury of provisions for more than two years. . . . The municipality, the past six months, is under the cruel necessity of reducing its subjects to half-a-pound of corn-bread per day. . . . at the rate of twenty-five sous the pound, although the pound costs over five francs." After the suppression of the "maximum " it loses about twenty-five thousand francs per day.

[129] Ibid. (Letter of Representative Porcher, Caen, Prairial 24, Messidor 3 and 26. Letter of the municipality of Caen, Messidor 3.)[130] Ibid. AF.,II., 71. (Letter of the municipality of Auxerre, Messidor 19.) "We have kept alive thus far through all sorts of expedients as if by miracle. It has required incalculable efforts, great expenditure, and really supernatural means to accomplish it.

But there is still one month between this and the end of Thermidor.

How are we going to live! Our people, the majority of whom are farmers and artisans, are rationed at half-a-pound a day for each person and this will last but ten or twelve days at most."[131] Meissner, "Voyage à Paris," 339. "There was not a morsel of bread in our inn. I went myself to five or six bakeries and pastry shops and found them all stripped." He finds in the last one about a dozen of small Savoy biscuits for which he pays fifteen francs. -See, for the military proceedings of the government in relation to bread, the orders of the Committee of Public Safety, most of them by the hand of Lindet, AF., II., 68-74.

[132] Schmidt, "Tableaux de Paris," vols. II. and III .,passim.

[133] Archives Nationales, AF.,II., 68. (Orders of Vent?se 20, year III. ; Germinal 19 and 20; Messidor 8, etc.)[134] ibid. Orders of Niv?se 5 and 22.

[135] Ibid. Orders of Pluvi?se 19, Vent?se 5, Floréal 4 and 24. (The fourteen brewers which the Republic keeps agoing for itself at Dunkirk are excepted.) - The proceedings are the same in relation to other necessary articles, - returns demanded of nuts, ****-seed, and other seeds or fruits producing oil, also the hoofs of cattle and sheep, with requisitions for every other article entering into the manufacture of oil, and orders to keep oil-mills agoing. "All administrative bodies will see that the butchers remove the fat from their meat before offering it for sale, that they do not themselves make candles out of it, and that they do not sell it to soap-factories, etc. " - (Orders of Veridémiaire 28, year III.) The executive committee will collect eight hundred yoke of oxen and distribute them among the dealers in hay in order to transport wood and coal from the woods and collieries to the yards. They will distribute proportionately eight hundred sets of wheels and harness.

The wagoners will be paid and guarded the same as military convoys, and drafted as required. To feed the oxen, the district administrators will take by pre-emption the necessary fields and pasturages, etc." (Orders of Pluvi?se 10, year III.)[136] Moniteur, XXIV., 397. - Schmidt, "Tableaux de Paris." (Reports of Frimaire 16, year IV.) "Citizens in the departments wonder how it is that Paris costs them five hundred and forty six millions per month merely for bread when they are starving. This isolation of Paris, for which all the benefits of the Revolution are exclusively reserved.

has the worst effect on the public mind." - Meissner, 345.

[137] Mercier, "Paris Pendant la Révolution," I., 355-357. - Schmidt, "Pariser Zustande," I., 224. (The Seine is frozen over on November 23and January 23, the thermometer standing at sixteen degrees (Centigrade) below zero.) - Schmidt, "Tableaux de Paris." (Reports of the Police, Pluvi?se 2, 3 and 4.)[138] Schmidt, "Pariser Zustande," I., 228, and following pages.