[53] "Statistiques des préfets，" Rh？ne， by Verminac， year X. Income of the Lyons Asylums in 1789，1.510，827 francs； to-day， 459，371 francs. -Indre， by Dalphonse， year XII. The principal asylum of Issoudun， founded in the twelfth century， had 27，939 francs revenue， on which it loses 16，232. Another asylum， that of the Incurables， loses， on an income of 12，062 francs， 7457 francs. - Eure， by Masson Saint-Amand， year XIII： "14 asylums and 3 small charity establishments in the department， with about 100，000 francs income in 1789， have lost at least 60，000 francs of it. - Vosges， by Desgouttes， year X： "10asylums in the department. Most of these have been stripped of nearly the whole of their property and capital on account of the law of Messidor 23， year II； on the suspension of the execution of this law， the property had been sold and the capital returned. - Cher， by Lu？ay：
"15 asylums before the revolution； they remain almost wholly without resources through the loss of their possessions. - Lozère， by Jerphaniou， year X： "The property belonging to the asylums， either in real estate or state securities， has passed into other hands." -Doubs， analysis by Ferrieres： "Situation of the asylums much inferior to that of 1789， because they could not have property restored to them in proportion to the value of that which had been alienated. The asylum of Pontarlier lost one-half of its revenue through reimbursements in paper-money. All the property of the Ornans asylum has been sold，" etc. - Rocquain， p. 187. (Report by Fourcroy.) Asylums of Orne： their revenue， instead of 123，189 francs， is no more than 68，239. - Asylums of Calvados： they have lost 173，648 francs of income， there remains of this only 85，955 francs. - Passim， heart-rending details on the destitution of the asylums and their inmates， children， the sick and the infirm. - The figures by which I have tried to show the disproportion between requirements and resources are a minimum.
[54] Abbé Allain， "l'Instruction primaire en France avant la Révolution，" and Albert Duruy， "l'Instruction publique et la Révolution，" passim.
[55] "Statistique de l'enseignement primaire" (1880)，II.， CCIV. The proportion of instructed and uninstructed people has been ascertained in 79 departments， and at various periods， from 168o down to the year 1876， according to the signatures on 1，699，985 marriage-records. - In the "Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d'instruction primaire，" published by M. Buisson， M. Maggiolo， director of these vast statistics， has given the proportion of literate and illiterate people for the different departments； now， from department to department， the figures furnished by the signatures on marriage records correspond with sufficient exactness to the number of schools， verified moreover by pastoral visits and by other documents. The most illiterate departments are Cantal， Puy-de-Dome， Nièvre， Allier， Vienne， Haute-Vienne， Deux-Sèvres， Vendée and the departments of Brittany.
[56] One sou equals 1/20 of a franc or 5 centimes. (SR.)[57] Albert Duruy， ibid.， p.25. (According to the report of M.
Villemain on common-school education in 1843.) - Abbé Allain， "la Question d'enseignement en 1789，" p. 88 - A. Silvy， "les Collèges en France avant la Révolution，" p.5. The researches of M. Silvy show that the number of high-schools (collèges) given by M. Villemain is much too low： "The number of these schools under the ancient Régime cannot be estimated at less than about 900. . . . I have ascertained 800. . .
. I must add that my search is not yet finished and that I find new institutions every day."[58] Lunet， "Histoire du collège de Rodez，" p. 110. - Edmond， "Histoire du collège de Louis-le-Grand，" p. 238. - "Statistiques des préfets，" Moselle. (Analysis by Ferrière， year XII.) Before 1789， 4high-schools at Metz， very complete， conducted by regular canons， Benedictines， with 33 professors， 38 assistant teachers， 63 servants， 259 day-scholars and 217 boarders. All this was broken up. In the year IX there is only one central school， very inadequate， with 9professors， 5 assistants， 3 servants and 233 day-scholars.
[59] Albert Duruy， ibid.， p. 25.
[60] Lunet， ibid， p.110，[61] "Statistiques des préfets，" Ain， by Bossi， p.368. At Bourg， before the revolution， 220 pupils， of which 70 were boarders， 8000livres income in real property confiscated during the revolution. - At Belley， the teachers consist of the congregationist of Saint-Joseph；250 pupils， 9950 francs revenue from capital invested in the pays d'état， swept away by the revolution. - At Thoissy， 8000 francs rental of real property sold， etc. - Deux-Sèvres， by Dupin， year IX， and "analyse" by Ferrière， P. 48： "Previous to the revolution， each department town had its high-school. - At Thouars， 60 boarders at 300livres per annum， and 40 day-scholars. At Niort， 80 boarders at 450livres per annum， and 100 day-scholars". -Aisne， by Dauchy， p.88.
Before 1789， nearly all the small high-schools were gratuitous， and， in the large ones， there were scholarships open to competition. All their possessions， except large buildings， were alienated and sold， as well as those of the 60 communities in which girls were taught gratuitously. - Eure， by Masson Saint-Amand. There were previous to 1789， 8 high-schools which were all suppressed and destroyed. - Dr？me， by Collin， p.66. Before the revolution， each town had its high-school，" etc.
[62] Cf. Marmontel， "Mémoires，" I.， 16， for details of these customs；M. Jules Simon found the same customs afterwards and describes them in the souvenirs of his youth. - La Chalotais， at the end of the reign of Louis XV.， had already described the efficiency of the institution.
"Even the people want to study. Farmers and craftsmen send their children to the schools in these small towns where living is cheap."--This rapid spread of secondary education contributed a good deal towards bringing on the revolution.