Physically speaking,we can not separate.We can not remove our respective sections from each other nor build an impassable wall between them.A husband and wife may be divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other,but the different parts of our country can not do this.They can not but remain face to face,and intercourse,either amicable or hostile,must continue between them.Is it possible,then,to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before?Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws?Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends?Suppose you go to war,you can not fight always;and when,after much loss on both sides and no gain on either,you cease fighting,the identical old questions,as to terms of intercourse,are again upon you.
以自然条件而言,我们是不能分开的,我们无法把各个地区彼此挪开,也无法在彼此之间筑起一堵无法逾越的墙垣。夫妻可以离婚,不再见面,互不接触,但是我们国家的各个地区就不可能那样做。它们仍得面对面地相处,它们之间还得有或者友好或者敌对的交往。那么,分开之后的交往是否可能比分开之前更有好处,更令人满意呢?外人之间订立条约难道还比朋友之间制定法律容易吗?外人之间执行条约难道还比朋友之间执行法律忠实吗?假定你们进行战争,你们不可能永远打下去;在双方损失惨重、任何一方都得不到好处之后,你们就会停止战斗,那时你们还会遇到诸如交往条件之类的老问题。
The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people,and they have referred none upon him to fix terms for the separation of the States.The people themselves can do this if also they choose,but the Executive as such has nothing to do with it.His duty is to administer the present Government as it came to his hands and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor.
总统的一切权力来自人民,但人民没有授权给他为各州的分离规定条件。如果人民有此意愿,那他们可以这样做,而作为总统来说,则不可能这样做。他的责任是管理交给他的这一届政府,并将它完整地移交给他的继任者。
Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people?Is there any better or equal hope in the world?In our present differences,is either party without faith of being in the right?If the Almighty Ruler of Nations,with His eternal truth and justice,be on your side of the North,or on yours of the South,that truth and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal of the American people.
为什么我们不能对人民所具有的最高的公正抱有坚韧的信念呢?世界上还有比这更好或一样好的希望吗?在我们目前的分歧中,难道双方都缺乏相信自己正确的信心吗?如果万国全能的主宰以其永恒的真理和正义支持你北方这一边,或者支持你南方这一边,那么,那种真理和那种正义必将通过美国人民这个伟大法庭的裁决而取得胜利。
By the frame of the Government under which we live this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief,and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals.While the people retain their virtue and vigilance no Administration by any extreme of wickedness or folly can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years.
就是这些美国人民,通过我们现有的政府结构,明智地只给他们的公仆很小的权力,使他们不能为害作恶,并且同样明智地每隔很短的时间就把那小小的权力收回到自己手中。只要人民保持其力量和警惕,无论怎样作恶和愚蠢的执政人员都不能在短短四年的任期内十分严重地损害政府。
My countrymen,one and all,think calmly and well upon this whole subject.Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time.If there be an object to hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you would never take deliberately,that object will be frustrated by taking time;but no good object can be frustrated by it.Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired,and,on the sensitive point,the laws of your own framing under it;while the new Administration will have no immediate power,if it would,to change either.If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute,there still is no single good reason for precipitate action.Intelligence,patriotism,Christianity,and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust in the best way all our present difficulty.
我的同胞们,大家平静而认真地思考整个这一问题吧。任何宝贵的东西都不会因为从容对待而丧失,假使有一个目标十万火急地催促你们中随便哪一位采取一个你慎重地决不会采取的措施,那么那个目标会因从容对待而落空;但是,任何好的目标是不会因为从容对待而落空的,你们现在感到不满意的人仍然有着原来的、完好无损的宪法,而且,在敏感问题上,你们有着自己根据这部宪法制定的各项法律;而新的一届政府即使想改变这两种情况,也没有直接的权力那样做。那些不满意的人在这场争论中即使被承认是站在正确的一边,也没有一点正当理由采取鲁莽的行动。理智、爱国精神、基督教义以及对从不抛弃这片幸福土地的上帝的信仰,这些仍然能以最好的方式来解决我们目前的一切困难。
In your hands,my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen,and not in mine,is the momentous issue of civil war.The Government will not assail you.You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government,while I shall have the most solemn one to “preserve,protect,and defend it.”
不满意的同胞们,内战这个重大问题的关键掌握在你们手中,而不掌握在我手中,政府不会对你们发动攻击。你们不当挑衅者,就不会面临冲突。你们没有对天发誓要毁灭政府,而我却要立下最庄严的誓言:“坚守、维护和捍卫合众国宪法。”
I am loath to close.We are not enemies,but friends.We must not be enemies.Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.The mystic chords of memory,stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land,will yet swell the chorus of the Union,when again touched,as surely they will be,by the better angels of our nature.
我不愿意就此结束演说。我们不是敌人,而是朋友。我们一定不要成为敌人。尽管情绪紧张,也决不应割断我们之间的感情纽带。记忆的神秘琴弦,从每一个战场和爱国者上的坟墓伸向这片广阔土地上的每一颗跳动的心和家庭,必将再度被我们善良的天性所拨响,那时就会高奏起联邦大团结的乐章。
人物小传:美国第16位总统(1861—1865)
姓名:亚伯拉罕·林肯
绰号:正直的亚伯
出生:1809年2月12日,哈丁镇(现在的larue),肯塔基州
卒于:1865年4月15日,华盛顿
所属政党:共和党
亚伯拉罕·林肯是美国南北战争的领导者,为废除奴隶制建立了不朽功勋,是美国人民心目中最伟大的人物之一。
1809年2月12日,林肯出生在肯塔基州哈丁县一个伐木工人的家庭。父亲托马斯·林肯是个文盲。母亲南希·汉克斯是个善良的农村妇女。林肯幼年总共只上过一年学。他干过农活,当过小店掌柜,后来还做过邮政局长。不论何时何地,他始终抓紧自学,终于把自己造就成一个出色的律师。
1834年,当选为伊利诺斯州议员,才开始了他的政治生涯。从1834年到1840年,他四次被选入伊利诺斯州议会。1842年,林肯与玛丽·托德结婚。玛丽是一位银行家的女儿,比林肯小9岁。他们生有四个儿子。1847年,林肯当选为国会众议员。1860年当选总统。
在他任职期间,由于各种反动势力的影响,政策上有过踌躇和动摇,但在人民群众的支持和推动下,能够顺应历史潮流,最终签署了著名的《解放宣言》,解决了当时美国社会经济政治生活中存在的主要矛盾。在四年国内战争中,他亲自指挥作战,领导联邦政府同南部农场奴隶主进行了坚决斗争,维护了国家的统一,有力地推动了美国社会的发展。
1864年,林肯再度当选为总统。但不幸的是,1865年4月14日晚,他在华盛顿福特剧院观剧时突然遭到刺杀。1865年4月15日早7时许,亚伯拉罕·林肯停止了呼吸。
由于林肯在美国历史上所起的进步作用,人们称赞他为“新时代国家统治者的楷模”。
Second Inaugural Address ofAbraham Lincoln(1865)
Saturday,March 4,1865