书城经济国际贸易实务
46797000000016

第16章 合同的签订(1)

【引例6】2009年5月28日,根据江西格阁进出口有限公司与迪拜东方之星贸易有限公司双方交易磋商的结果,江西格阁进出口有限公司外贸业务员赵亮拟定销售合同如下,经双方盖章签字确认,合同成立并生效。

销售合同 (Sales Contract)

编 号(No.):BSPC0905    日 期(Date):MAY 28,2009

卖方(Seller):JIANGXI GEGE IMPORT &; EXPORT CO, LTD.

地址(Address):18 TIANXIANG ROAD,NANCHANG,P.R.CHINA

电话(Tel):: 0086–791–8350000 传真(Fax):0086–791–8350001

电子邮箱(E-mail):[email protected]

买方(Buyer): DUBAI EAST STAR TRADING CO,LTD.

地址(Address):5 QUEEN ROAD, DUBAI, UAE

电话(Tel):+971–4–3535222 传真(Fax):+971–4–3535333

电子邮箱(E-mail):MOHAMMED@ EASTAR.COM

买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交:

The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transactions according to the terms and conditions set forth as below:

1. 货物名称、规格和质量 (Name, Specifications and Quality of Commodity):

ART.NO. bs12, 100% white cotton bedsheet , 230cm×250cm

ART.NO. bs14, 100% printed cotton bedsheet , 230cm×250cm

ART.NO. pc12, 100% white cotton pillowcase , 45cm×70cm

ART.NO. pc14, 100% printed cotton pillowcase , 70cm×70cm

2. 数量(Quantity):

ART.NO. bs12 &; ART.NO. bs14, 1200dozens each

ART.NO. pc12 &; ART.NO. pc14, 2400dozens each

3. 单价及价格条款 (Unit Price and Terms of Delivery):

ART.NO.bs12 USD 127.52/dozen CIFC3 DUBAI

ART.NO.bs14 USD 139.52/dozen CIFC3 DUBAI

ART.NO.pc12 USD 22.33/dozen CIFC3 DUBAI

ART.NO.pc14 USD 28.34/dozen CIFC3 DUBAI

(除非另有规定,“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF” 均应依照国际商会制定的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(INCOTERMS 2000)办理。)

The terms FOB,CFR,or CIF shall be subject to the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein.

4. 总价 (Total Amount):USD442,056.00

5. 允许溢短装(More or Less):2%

6. 装运期限(Time of Shipment):JULY/AUGUST,2009

收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证30天内装运。

Within 30 days after receipt of L/C allowing transhipment and partial shipment.

7. 付款条件(Terms of Payment):by irrevocable sight L/C

买方须于装运月份前30天将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方,该信用证的有效期延至装运期后15天在中国到期,并必须注明允许分批装运和转船。

By Confirmed, Irrevocable, Transferable and Divisible L/C to be available by sight draft to reach the Seller 30 days before shipment and to remain valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after the Time of Shipment. The L/C must specify that transshipment and partial shipments are allowed.

买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证,卖方有权发出通知取消本合同,或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部分,或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-stipulated time, failing which, the Seller shall have the right to rescind this Contract upon the arrival of the notice at Buyer or to accept whole or part of this Contract non fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained, if any.

8. 包装(Packing):

ART. NO.bs12 &; bs14 to packed in cartons of 12 dozens each

ART. NO.pc12 &; pc14 to packed in cartons of 24 dozens each

9. 保险(Insurance):

按发票金额的110%投保,由 卖方 负责投保。

Covering all risks and war risks for 110% of invoice value to be effected by the seller.

10. 品质/数量异议 (Quality/Quantity discrepancy):

如买方提出索赔,凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出,凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出,对所装货物所提任何异议于保险公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者,卖方不负任何责任。

In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. It is understood that the Seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to causes for which the Insurance Company, Shipping Company, other Transportation Organization /or Post Office are liable.

11. 由于发生人力不可抗拒的原因,致使本合约不能履行,部分或全部商品延误交货,卖方概不负责。

本合同所指的不可抗力系指不可预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。

The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents which might occur. Force Majeure as referred to in this contract means unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable objective conditions.

12. 仲裁(Arbitration):

因凡本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议,如果协商不能解决,应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会。按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁 规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的,对双方均有约束力。

Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Sales Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the dispute shall then be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) ,Shenzhen Commission for arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.

13. 通知(Notices):

所有通知用英文写成,并按照如下地址用传真/电子邮件/快件送达给各方。如果地址有变更,一方应在变更后5日内书面通知另一方。

All notice shall be written in English and served to both parties by fax/e-mail /courier according to the following addresses. If any changes of the addresses occur, one party shall inform the other party of the change of address within 5 days after the change.

14. 本合同为中英文两种文本,两种文本具有同等效力。

本合同一式两份。自双方签字(盖章)之日起生效。

This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This Contract is in two copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.

Signed by:

THE SELLER: THE BUYER:

JIANGXI GEGE IMPORT &; EXPORT CO, LTD. DUBAI EAST STAR TRADING CO,LTD.

赵亮 MOHAMMED

【引例分析】以上是在进出口业务中较常见的合同格式。这类由当事人一方先拟定好合同条款(此例中是以双方交易磋商达成的条件为依据),另一方只需签字确认的书面合同称为格式合同。如果由出口方拟定,称销售合同或销售确认书;如果由进口方拟定,则称为购买合同或购买确认书。它包括约首、正文和约尾三个部分。

〔技能目标〕进一步熟悉和掌握合同条款的主要内容

〔重点难点〕根据实际情况拟订外销合同的主要条款

§§§第一节外销合同的签订

在交易磋商的过程中,一方发盘经另一方接受后,交易即告成立。买卖双方在磋商过程中的来往函电,即是合同的书面证明。但根据国际贸易的惯例,在交易磋商完毕后,交易双方一般还要签订一份具有特定格式的书面合同,以进一步明确规定双方的权利与义务,双方均受其约束。

一、外销合同有效成立的条件

根据各国合同法规定,一项合同,除买卖双方就交易条件通过发盘和接受达成协议后,还需具备以下要件,才是一项有效的合同,才能得到法律上的保护。

(一)当事人必须具备签订合同的行为能力

签订买卖合同的当事人主要为自然人或法人,按各国法律的一般规定,自然人签订合同的行为能力,是指精神正常的成年人才能订立合同。关于法人签订合同的行为能力,在我国,只有经政府批准有外贸经营权的企业才能从事外贸活动,才可以就其有权经营的商品对外订立合同。

(二)合同必须有对价或约因

英美法认为,对价(Consideration)是指当事人为了取得合同利益所付出的代价。法国法认为,约因(Cause)是指当事人签订合同所追求的直接目的。按照英美法和法国法的规定,合同只有在有对价或约因时,才是法律上有效的合同。无对价或无约因的合同,是得不到法律保障的。

(三)合同的内容必须合法

许多国家往往从广义上解释“合同内容必须合法”,其中包括不得违反法律、不得违反公共秩序或公共政策,以及不得违反善良风俗或道德三个方面。