Professional subjects constitution means all the subjects included in a profession or a major; professional goal knowledge and skill constitution means the predictable future profession knowledge and skill constitution, which involves what subjects' knowledge and skills are necessary and most valid in a certain profession, and therefore helps curricula designers decide what subjects should be chosen from the professional subjects constitution and their general proportion; and goal knowledge and skill psychological constitution means the necessary and basic psychological quality components in a certain profession.Goal knowledge and skill psychological constitution can only be achieved by the study of a certain profession's practical psychology or to some extent by the study of a major's learning psychology.It helps curricula designers to more effectively decide the subjects choices and the proportion.And in fact there is always some distance between actual knowledge and skill quality constitution and the psychological constitution.The latter means what psychological qualities might most probably needed in future relevant professional job engagement, so analysis of the psychological constitution is more helpful for curricula improvement.However, what we can do is to minimize the distance as to make a best curricula design.
In short, students' professional psychological constitution is an important factor to be considered to optimize curricula, and other two sorts of curricula, the medium and basic curricula design can be made and optimized in a similar way as discussed above.
Curricula should be designed on base of clear awareness of education and teaching goals and analysis of the above-discussed three constitutions.In this way, subjective and blind curricula can be avoided.In blind curricula design, people randomly schedule and set curricula and subjectively presume that what kind of talents or graduates can be achieved through the performance of the arbitrarily set curricula.As a result, teaching resources are wasted.It's something like that, you install a lot of programs in your computer without careful consideration about the computer itself, the goal purpose of your computer and the relations or compatibility of the programs.Your computer can't be made full or proper use of, even the worse, be of no use.
Therefore, in curricula design, all work should be focused on seeking for and constructing economic and high-valid education and teaching information channels between colleges and their students.In large, there are two main steps: (1) Analyze the three constitutions that lie under education and teaching goals.(2) According to the constitutions, make the relevant and corresponding curricula design and improve them.
3.3 Curricula design and curricula hours assignment
The proportion of different of different subjects is reflected in curricula hours assignment.In dealing with their relations, there are three points necessary for consideration.
1) The time assignment within the subjects in curricula.Different time assignment may mean different curricula design, may lead to different education and teaching results.Curricula subjects teaching hour assignment should abide by economic principle and should be on base of aiming at students' goal knowledge and skill constitution and their relevant psychological constitution.Too much time assignment in one subject or in certain subjects beyond the necessary leads to waste of teaching and learning time resources, and too little is in sufficient to assure the necessary education and teaching information transmission.
2) The time ratio between the total curricula time and the students' total time.The proportion of total curricula hours and students' school hours should be based on consideration of both curricula teaching need and students' self-development and rest.Students' self-development involves students' self-study, their individual learning and career interests, and their entertainment.
3) Curricula subjects time assignment should be on consideration of students' acceptability and challenge.That is, students can and should finish the assigned curricula in the given time to ensure their necessary skill training and knowledge acquisition, and on the other hand, the curricula hours assignment requires students to pay some learning efforts and mobilizes students' learning activeness.
3.4 Curricula and curricula designers
So far as our discussion has gone, it is quite clear that curricula is very important and there is much that people can do to improve a college's education and teaching quality by improving its curricula design.To reach the goal, curricula designers plays the key roles.It requires curricula designers to be prepared with certain expertise knowledge, ability and qualities.