书城教材教辅用美国小学课本学英语
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第15章 Science科学常识(3)

a.1969        b.1909        c.1979

2.The planet nearest the sun is the planet      .

a.Mercury      b.Venus        c.Earth

3.The scientific study of the universe is called      .

a.geology       b.astrology     c.astronomy

4.The number of stars that can be seen on a clear night without a telescope is      .

a.200 to 500 b.3,000 to 5,000 c.5,000 ,000 to 10,000,000

5.An instrument used to study the stars is the      .

a..telescope b.periscope c.barometer

6.Astronomy is a      .

a.superstition b.science c.false religion

译文

太阳、地球、月亮、植物和其他更小的物体,如流星体、彗星和小行星等组成了我们所谓的太阳系。当然太阳系中也包括了星星。

太阳。太阳是一颗恒星,是太阳系的中心。地球、月亮、行星和小型天体都围绕着太阳旋转。没有太阳,地球上就不可能拥有生命;没有太阳,也不可能有天气的变化。地球的倾斜使四季变化,太阳的热使空气流动,于是产生了风。由于地球的旋转,太阳看起来总是从东边升起西边落下。地球围绕自己的自转周期为24小时,地球绕太阳公转的周期为365.14天。我们按公转来度量年。太阳也自转,它围绕自己的轴旋转,并且以每小时43000英里(69187千米)的速度穿过银河。

月亮。月亮在太空中离我们最近,距离地球大约240000英里(386160千米)。因为月亮上没有空气和水,所以月亮上没有生命存在。月亮表面的地心引力大约是地球表面的1/6。如果一个人在地球上有60英镑,那么在月球上他只有10英镑重。如果在地球上他能举起50英镑重的东西,在月球上他能举起300英镑重的物体。在1969年有两位宇航员首次登陆月球,他们还带回来月球上的土壤和岩石样本以供研究。

行星。你知道有多少颗行星围绕太阳旋转吗?包括地球在内,有9颗行星在太阳的轨道上飞行。你可能会记得水星是离太阳最近的行星。其他的行星,按离太阳的距离,顺序排列为金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、海王星和冥王星。(大约每隔20年,冥王星会有一次比海王星更靠近太阳。)

星星。我们在晴朗的夜空中不用望远镜,肉眼能看到的星星的数量在3000到5000之间。人类估计太空中有无穷多个银河系,每个银河系有数十亿的星星。

天文学家已经研究星星数百年了,一些人仍然会把天文学和占星术混淆起来。天文学是对宇宙的科学研究,是真科学。占星术是迷信,占星师们以通过研究行星和星星预测人们的未来为生。圣经中警告人们不要相信占星术。科学家们相信这种对星星的依赖是讲不通的,我们研究天文学是为了更好地了解宇宙,而不是为了了解我们自己或者是我们的未来。

练习

判断正误。

1.白天和黑夜的出现是由地球围绕太阳公转引起的。

2.太阳以很快的速度穿过银河。

3.没有太阳,地球上是不可能有生命的。

4.9颗行星在太阳的轨道上飞行。

5.4颗行星在地球的轨道上飞行。

6.在圣经中警告人们,占星术是迷信。

7.地球是太阳系的中心。

8.彗星是太空中围绕太阳飞行的比较小的物体。

9.小行星在月球轨道上飞行的周期是24小时。

选择正确的答案填空。

1.两位宇航员在     年登上月球。

a.1969 b.1909 c.1979

2.最靠近太阳的行星是     。

a.水星 b.金星 c.地球

3.对宇宙的科学研究叫做     。

a.地质学 b.占星术 c.天文学

4.在晴朗的夜晚星空,用肉眼能看见的星星的数量是________。

a.200~500 b.3000~5000

c.5 000,000~10,000,000

5.用来研究星星的一个工具是     。

a.望远镜 b.潜望镜 c.气压计

6.天文学是     。

a.迷信 b.科学 c.错误的信仰

判断正误:

1.true        2.true        3.true

4.true        5.false        6.true

7.false        8.true        9.false

选择填空:

1.a        2.a 3.c

4.b        5.a        6.b

04 Personnel Work at the Space Center 航天中心的工作人员

All the people involved with space travel at the space center are helping man to know more about what is in space. This knowledge is useful. The scientists have learned many things about the moon and stars. They know more about the earth because of the study at the space center. The scientists are helping make our world a better place in which to live.

Weathermen at the space center are studying the weather. More knowledge of the upper layers of air helps them understand how and where storms grow. If men know when bad storms are coming, they can warn people. Studying the weather is important work and helps people all over the world.

Many people work at the Space Center. Scientists, weathermen, truck drivers, builders, engineers, and technicians all work there.

The scientists at the space center draw plans for rockets and explore the problems of space travel.

The weathermen find out what time is best for a launch. They know when storms will be in the area. A rocket cannot be launched during a storm.

Truck drivers are busy driving the big fuel trucks that are used to fill the rocket tank. Fueling is dangerous work because the fuel is very explosive and the rockets need so much of it to make a long trip. Because it is so dangerous, the fueling is done just before launching.

Engineers plan the direction a rocket will go. They plot a path through space for the trip just as you might plan a trip to the Everglades. They must decide how fast the rocket will travel and how much fuel it will need to carry. Engineers use computers to help them plan.

Technicians check the rockets to make sure they are ready to go. Other technicians watch the rocket’s flight on a screen and check its speed and direction. Technicians have many jobs at the space center. Many of the technicians work in the blockhouse. They watch the rockets on special screens because the blockhouse has no windows.

Workers build many things around the space center. Some of these workers build the gantry. The gantry is a tower where the rocket is checked. Other men move the gantry on its tracks. These men pull the gantry back into a parking area before the rocket is launched. Moving the gantry prevents it from being burned by the heat of the rocket firing.

Many workers are needed to build the rockets, satellites, and space capsules. These things are usually built in other places in the country, and then they are carried by huge trucks to the space center. Once they reach, they are put together by other workers.

Many people must work together to launch a rocket. Many willing hands and heads make a hard job easier.

Vocabulary 词汇

involve [in"v?lv] vt. 使参与、牵涉

weathermen ["wee?m?n] 气象员

upper ["?p?] adj. 较高的、上部的;

adj. 大写的;

vt. 用大写字母排印

technician [tek"ni??n] n. 技术人员、专家、技巧好的人

explore [iks"pl?:] vt. & vi. 勘查、探测;

vt. 探索、探究、仔细查看

launch [l?:nt?] vt. 使(船)下水、发动、发射;

n. 发射、(新产品)投产、游艇

explosive [iks"pl?usiv] adj. 爆炸的、爆发的、极易引起争论的;

n. 爆炸物、炸药

engineer ["end?i"ni?] n. 工程师、(火车)司机;

vt. 设计、策划

direction [di"rek??n] n. 方向、趋势、范围、指南、管理、指导、姓名和地址

plot [pl?t] n. 故事情节、密谋、小块地皮;

vt. 把……分成小块、绘制;

vt. & vi. 密谋

everglade ["ev?ɡleid] n. 湿地、沼泽地

blockhouse ["bl?khaus] n. 碉堡、木舍、圆木小屋、火箭发射防护室

gantry ["ɡ?ntri] n. 构台、桶架

track [tr?k] n. 踪迹、足迹、路径、轨道、跑道;

vt. 跟踪、追踪

capsule ["k?psju:l] n. 胶囊、 航天舱、密封舱

Practice

I. Write the correct word on the line.

1.Scientists at Space Center study about      .

space         children         roads

2.The       are in the blockhouse.

gantries         rockets   controls

3.The gantry is the tower where the rockets are      .

built        checked        sold

4.The blockhouse has no      .

workers       screens         windows

5.Many people must work together to launch a      .

rocket        storm         tower

6.Rockets carry a lot of      .

rocks stars       fuel

II. Draw lines to match the workers with their jobs and then write the right letter on each line.

1.scientists a.bring the fuel

2.truck drivers b.plot a path for the rocket

3.engineers c.watch the rocket on a screen

4.weathermen d.put up towers and buildings

5.technicians e.study about space

6.gantry workers f.watch for storms

7.builders g.moves the tower to the parking area

译文

所有在航天中心工作的人们,都是为了帮助人们对宇宙和空间有更多的了解,这种知识是有益的。科学家们对月亮和星星已经有了很多认识,那些在航天中心的研究则使他们对地球有了更为充分的了解,他们正在帮助我们让世界成为一个更美好的生活场所。

在航天中心工作的气象工作人员是为了研究天气。关于上层空气的丰富知识可以帮助他们了解风暴将会怎样,以及在哪里产生。如果知道了恶劣的风暴将在什么时候来临,他们可以警告人们。研究天气是一项非常重要的工作,它可以对世界各地的人们提供帮助。

在航天中心里,有很多人在工作。他们包括科学家、气象研究人员、卡车司机、建筑商、工程师和技术人员。

在那里,科学家们制定发射火箭的计划,探讨太空旅行的问题。

气象研究人员可以帮助判断什么时候是最佳发射时间,因为他们知道该地区什么时候将有风暴,而在风暴中火箭是不能发射的。