Ⅱ．1．Alexander Graham Bell 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔
2．Samuel Morse 塞缪尔·摩尔
3．Morse Code 摩尔电码 4．printing press 复印机
5．wood pulp 木浆 6．Pony Express 驿马邮递
7．wireless 无线电 8．satellites 卫星
06 What You Need to Know About Taking Tests 学生考试须知
You can get better at taking tests. Here are some tips.
Do your homework all the time， it will help you on any tests you take. Learn new things a little at a time. Then， you will remember them better when you see them on a test.
One way you can do your best on tests and in school is to make sure your body is ready. Get a good night’s sleep. Eat a healthy breakfast.
One more thing： Wear comfortable clothes. You can also wear your lucky shirt or your favorite color on test day. It can’t hurt. It may even make you feel better about the test.
Do practice questions. Learn about the different kinds of questions.
Follow the test directions. Listen carefully to the directions your teacher gives. Read all instructions carefully. Watch out for words such as not， none， never， all， and always. These words can change the meaning of the directions.
Look carefully at each page before you start. Do reading tests in a special order. First， read the directions. Read the questions next. This way you will know what to look for as you read. Then， read the story. Last， read the story again quickly. Skim it to find the best answer.
On math tests， look at the labels on graphs and charts. Think about what the graph or chart shows. You will often need to draw conclusions about the information to answer some questions.
Use your time wisely. Many tests have time limits. Look at the clock when the test starts. Figure out when you need to stop. When you begin， look over the whole thing. Do the easy parts first. Go back and do the hard parts last. Make sure you do not spend too much time on any one part. This way， if you run out of time， you still have completed much of the test.
Fill in the answer circles the right way. Fill in the whole circle. Make your pencil mark dark， but not so dark that it goes through the paper！ Be sure you pick just one answer for each question. If you pick two answers， both will be marked as wrong.
Use context clues to figure out hard questions. You may come across a word or an idea you don’t understand. First， try to say it in your own words. Then， use context clues—the words in the sentences nearby— to help you figure out its meaning.
Sometimes it’s good to guess. Here’s what to do. Each question may have four or five answer choices. You may know that two answers are wrong， but you are not sure about the rest. Then， make your best guess. If you are not sure about any of the answers， skip it. Do not guess. Tests like these take away extra points for wrong answers. So it is better to leave them blank.
Check your work. You may finish the test before the time is up. Then， you can go back and check your answers. Make sure you answered each question you could. Also， make sure that you filled in only one answer circle for each question. Erase any extra marks on the page.
Finally—stay calm！ Take time to relax before the test. One good way to relax is to get some exercise. Stretch， shake out your fingers， and wiggle your toes. Take a few slow， deep breaths. Then， picture yourself doing a great job！
Vocabulary 词汇
favorite ["feiv？rit] n. 特别喜欢的人、亲信、幸运儿；
adj. 喜爱的、中意的
direction [di"rek？？n] n. 方向、趋向、动向、范围、指示、指导、姓名和地址
instruction [in"str？k？？n] n. 命令、指示、指导、操作指南
skim [skim] vt. 撇去；
vt. & vi. 掠过、轻轻擦过、略读、浏览
label ["leib？l] n. 标签、标记、符号、标示；
vt. 贴标签于、把……列为
graph [ɡrɑ：f] n. 图表、曲线图
chart [t？ɑ：t] n. 图表、航海图；
vt. 绘制地图、在图上标出、记述
conclusion [k？n"klu：？？n] n. 结束、结尾、意见、结论
figure out 计算出、解决、弄明白
erase [i"reiz] vt. 擦掉、抹去、清除
wiggle ["wiɡl] vt. & vi. （快速上下或左右）扭动、摆动；
n. 扭动、摆动
picture ["pikt？？] n. 图画、肖像、照片、画面、景色、局面；
vt. 描绘、想像
Practice
1. On test day， you should wear .
2. You should watch out for words such as carefully.
3. Before read the question， you’d better first.
4. can help you figure out the unknown meaning.
5. You can guess when .
译文
在考试中，你可以得到更好的成绩，这里有一些提示：
保证一直完成家庭作业，这可以帮你应对参加的任何考试。每次只学一点新东西，这样当你在考试中看到它们的时候，你会记得更清楚。
可以让你在学校考试中做得最好的方法之一是确保你的身体已经准备就绪。保证良好的睡眠，吃一顿健康的早餐。
还有一件事：穿着舒适的衣服。在考试那天，你也可以穿着自己的幸运衬衫或最喜欢的颜色。它不会给你带来不良影响，甚至有可能让你在考试中感觉更好。
做练习题。了解不同类型的习题。
遵照测试指示。认真听取老师给出的指示，仔细阅读所有的说明。警惕那些诸如not， none， never， all和always这样的词语，因为它们可以改变含义的方向。
在你开始答题之前仔细检查每页考卷。确保按照特定顺序阅读考题。首先阅读题目说明，然后阅读问题，这样在你阅读试题的时候可以知道自己需要寻找什么。然后，阅读故事。最后，再次迅速浏览故事，略读它们来找到最佳答案。
在数学测试中，要关注图表曲线的符号，思考图形或图表展示了什么内容。你将经常需要从信息中得出结论来回答一些问题。
明智地使用你的时间。许多测试都有时间限制。当测试开始的时候，看看时钟，确定你什么时候必须停止。当你开始答题时，浏览整张试卷，先做容易的部分，然后回过头来再做难的那部分。确保你在任何一部分都不要花太多时间。这样的话，如果你用完时间，仍然能够保证自己完成大部分的测试。
按照正确途径涂写答案。答题卡上你所选答案的那个圆圈要涂满。让你的铅笔足够黑，但不要让它黑得把答题纸都给贯穿了！请务必每个问题只选择一个答案，如果你选择两个答案，它们都将被认为是错误的。
利用上下文线索来解决难题。你可能会遇到一个单词或一个想法不能理解。首先，我们要试着用你自己的话来表达。然后，使用上下文线索——句子附近的词汇——来帮你弄清其含义。
有时候，猜测也很不错。以下是该怎么做：每一个问题可能有四个或五个答案可供选择。你可能知道其中两个答案是错误的，但你无法确定其余的。然后，做出你的最佳猜测。如果你不能确定任何一个答案，跳过它，不要猜测。这类测试题的错误答案往往会带走很多分数，因此最好是让它们留下空白。
检查你的答案。你可能在测试时间结束之前完成考题，然后你可以回过头来检查。请务必回答每个你能够回答的问题，而且确定每个问题你只填涂了一个圈，擦除试卷上任何额外的标记。
最后，保持冷静！在测试前，你需要时间来放松。一个很好的放松方式就是做一些运动。伸展、摇晃你的手指，并扭动你的脚趾，做几个缓慢的深呼吸。然后，想象自己做得非常出色！
练习
1．在考试那天，你应该穿着 。
2．你应该特别留心像 这样的词语。
3．在阅读问题之前，你最好先读 。
4． 可以帮你弄清不明白的意义。
5．当 你可以猜测。
6．如果你提前完成考题你必须 。
1. comfortable clothes
2. not， none， never， all， and always
3. read the directions
4. Context clues
5. you can make sure some answers are wrong
07 If Someone Lying Unconscious 如果看到有人晕倒
Knowing a little first-aid could be life-saving if you see someone lying unconscious.
Too often people don’t do anything because they think they will kill the patient， but by learning simple rules you could make the difference between life and death.
First， you need to find out if they’re unconscious， asleep or drunk， by squeezing the skin between their neck and shoulder and shouting.
If there is no response at all， you need to establish if they are dead or just unconscious—sometimes it’s very difficult to tell the difference.
Open the airway by placing one hand on their forehead and gently tilting the head back while lifting the chin.
If there are no signs of life—no obvious pulse and their chest is not going up and down—call an ambulance and then start cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） to maintain a flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.