truism [..tru..iz..m] n.①真实性②自明之理，众所周知的道理
[例句] His speech was just a collection of clichés and t ruism.
virtually4 [..v....tju..li ，- t..u-] adv.事实上，实质上，几乎，实际上
[例句] Many species of wild animals have vir tually disappear ed form the face of the ear th.
aside from 除.之外
[例句] Aside from the physical problems，these patients also show a lot of hostility.
draw/ come to/ reach a conclusion 得出结论，做出推论
[例句] From these facts we can draw some conclusions a-bout how the pyramids were built.
for life 终身，一辈子
[例句] As far as I am concerned ，when you get ma rried it’s for life.
live up to 不辜负(期望) ，达到( 预期的标准)
[例句] We must never fail to live up to the Par ty’s trust and expectations.
look up ①查找，查阅②抬头看
[例句] 1 ) We can look up the word in the dictiona ry.
2 ) He looked up and found the gir l who was calling him by name.
miss the point 没抓住要领，没领会含义
[例句] He must have missed the point of the notice on the blackboa rd.
owe it to someone to do something 认为自己有必要为某人做.
[例句] You owe it to your supporte rs not to give up now.
stumbling block 绊脚石，障碍物
[例句] Ar ticles and prepositions a re the stumbling blocks to the beginners of English.
take pleasure in 以.为乐，以.为荣
[例句] You can take pleasur e in r eading these books.
take the easy way out 以省事的，但非最好的做法来回避困难或尴尬的处境
[例句] You can take the easy way out of the difficulty by leaving the city ，and no one will know.
Passage Ⅲ Optimism
词汇精解
aqueduct [.... kwid..kt ] n.沟渠，导水管，高架渠，渡槽，渠道barbarism [..b....b..riz..m] n.①野蛮，未开化，原始，不文明②残暴行为，暴力
[考点] Fascist barba rism 法西斯野蛮行径
[例句] In some par ts of the world the re a re still people living in barba rism.
cathedral6 [k......i..dr..l ] n.大教堂，教区总教堂
[考点] a Gothic cathedr al 歌特式大教堂
a Roman cathedr al 罗马式大教堂
a magnificent cathedral 一座雄伟的大教堂
compromise4 [..k..mpr..maiz ] n.妥协，折衷，和解
v.妥协，折衷，危及.的安全
[同义] concede ，negotiate
[考点] effect a compromise between .and 实现. 和. 之间的和解
make no compromise 不做任何妥协
a compromise between two measures 两种措施之间的折衷办法
make compromise with 和.妥协
compromise with sb.on/ over sth.就某事同某人妥协
compromise oneself 做出有失体面的事
[例句] He sent flower s as a compromise between calling and writing.
genocide [..d..en..usaid] n.有计划的灭种和屠杀，种族灭绝，灭绝种族的大屠杀
Gothic [........ik ] n.哥特式
ad j.歌特式的，尖拱式的，歌特风格的
inact ive* [in.... ktiv] ad j.无行动的，不活动的，停止的，怠惰的，消极的
[考点] an inactive machine 闲置的机器
inactive volcano 死火山
[例句] She is inactive in class.
inquiry4 [in..kwai..ri] n.①质询，调查，探究②打听，询问
[同义] ask ，question ，investigate
[考点] inquiry af ter 问候，打听
inquiry for 询问，问候，求见
inquiry into 调查
inquiry sb.of sth.向某人询问某事
[例句] I’m writing to inqui ry about your adver tisement in The Times.
lighten* [..lait..n ] v.减轻，( 使) 轻松，( 使) 发亮，变得明亮
[例句] His mood lightened when he heard the news.
liquor4 [..lik..( r) ] n.① 液体，汁，酒精饮料，酒，烈性酒②
[药] 溶液
v t.浸水
v i.喝酒
[考点] hold one’s liquor 保持不醉
in liquor 醉酒
the worse for liquor 醉酒
[例句] He always liquors up befor e he takes her to a dance.
mistreatment* [..mis..tri..tm..nt ] n.虐待
[例句] Her poor health is the result of he r parents ’ mist reatment.
nonrenewable* [..n..nri..nju....bl ] ad j.不可再生的
pyramid [..pir..mid] n.角锥，棱椎，金字塔，叠罗汉
v.(使) 成金字塔状，( 使) 渐增，(使) 上涨
[考点] as easy as s hif ting a pyr amid a yard 难如移磐石
make a pyramid of an anthill 小题大做，大惊小怪
a human/ people pyramid 一组叠罗汉
pyramids of fruits 叠的尖尖的一堆堆水果
[例句] The acrobats pyramided skillfully ，one on top of the other.
unavoidable* [....n....v..id..bl ] ad j.不能避免的，不能取消的，无法避免的
[例句] Ther e are fear s that war is unavoidable.
unspoken* [....n..s p..uk..n] ad j.未说出口的
[考点] by some sor t of unspoken agreement 通过某种默契
a feather in someone’s cap 某人的卓越成就，某人值得自豪的荣誉
[例句] Winning the scholarship was a feathe r in his cap.
be subject ( adj .) to 易受. ，常遭.
[例句] This dist rict is more subject to fi re than any othe r.
equate something with/ to something else 把. 和. 等同起来
[例句] I t is foolis h and unrealistic to equate money with happines s.
for the better 向好的方面，好转
[例句] The patient has taken a turn for the better.
for the worse 向坏的方面，恶化
[例句] There has been a change for the worse in the pa-tient’s condition.
have no alternative but to do something 除.外别无选择，只好
[例句] We have no alternative but to move.
sit back 袖手旁观，不采取行动
[例句] Many people just sit back and do not get concerned about the world’s difficulties.