2.After all there are over twenty different meanings for“ fast”in the dictionary. 毕竟“ fast”在字典里有二十多种不同的含义。
1 )after all 毕竟, 终究
He said he would not come in, but he came in after a ll.
他说过他不进来, 但他毕竟进来了。
Why shouldn’t Mary eat the cake？After all, she baked it.
为什么玛丽不该吃这块蛋糕？毕竟还是她烤的嘛。
2 )over 在这里用作介词, 意为“ 超过”。与后面的成分组成介词短语。
He’s over fifty. 他五十多岁了。
The river is over 30 miles long. 这条河长30 多英里。
3.That’s why it makes such good sense to begin with context.
这就是根据上下文判断词义的重要原因。
1 )连接副词why 在这里引导一个表语从句, 表示原因。
That’s why we decided to put the discussion off.
这就是我们决定推迟讨论的原因。
It is why he likes the place so much.
这就是他如此喜欢这个地方的原因。
2 )make sense 有意义, 讲得通
She doesn’t talk much, but what she says makes sense.
她不多讲话, 但言之有理。
What you said makes no sense. 你的话毫无意义。
4.Only when you go through the mental exercises to come up with a tentative definition should you open the dictionary to see if you’re right. 只有当你经过这番内心的活动得出一个尚不肯定的定义后, 你才应打开字典看一看你是否正确。
1 )“Only when.”是状语前置, 要引起局部倒装。通常情况下, 句首状语由“ only + 副词”,“ only + 介词短语”,“ only + 状语分词”构成, 都可引起局部倒装。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
昨天他才发现他的手表找不着了。
Only after class was he allowed to raise the question.
只有下课以后才允许他提出这个问题。
Only because the timetable has changed did she miss her bus.
仅仅因为汽车时刻表变了, 她才未赶上汽车。
2 )go through 在这里是“ 经历、通过、仔细审查、经受”的意思。
He ha s gone through a great deal in his life.
他在自己的一生中, 经历了许多事情。
Let’s go through the arguments again.
让我们将这些论据再仔细讨论一遍吧。
3 )come up with 得出, 提供出, 提出
Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. 科学家必须为增加世界的粮食供应提供新方法。
For years Jones kept coming up with new and good ideas.
多年来琼斯不断提供又新又好的意见。
5.In that way, the CPD Formula provides you with maximum effectiveness.
以这种方式, CPD 公式为你提供最大的效力。
1 )provide sb. with sth. (或provide sth. for sb. )提供She provided the beggar with food. 她把食物给那叫花子。
The parents provide their children with food and clothes.
父母给孩子们提供衣食。
2 )effectiveness 是一个名词, 其含义为“ 效果, 有效性”。“ -ness”是一个名词后缀, 常加在形容词之后, 构成抽象名词, 表示性质、情况、状态等。例如: greatness 伟大；kindness 仁慈, 好意；darkness 黑暗；weakness 懦弱、虚弱；bitterness 苦, 苦难, goodness 优良。
6.The exercises which follow will give you specific, step-by-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease. 课后的练习会给你具体的, 循序渐进的帮助来使你敏捷地意识到上下文线索, 学习最有用的构词, 更加准确而轻松地运用词典。
1 )step-by-step 是一个复合形容词, 其含义为“ 一步一步的, 循序渐进的”。它是一个短语型复合形容词, 类似的复合形容词有:
wait-and-see 等着瞧的；life-and-death 生与死的；day-to-day 日常的；off-and-down 时断时续的；good-for-nothing 无用的；card-onthe-table 开诚布公的等。
2 )sharpen 用作动词, 其含义为“ 使.. 锋利, 削尖”;“ 使敏锐”。
“-en”在这里是一个动词后缀, 常加在形容词后, 表示“ 做、使、成为..、使变成..”例如: shorten 使缩短；darken 使黑、变黑；deeper 加深, 使深；quicken 加快；thicken 使变厚；soften 使软化, 弄软；richen 使富裕。
3 )辨异: ease, comfort, leisure, n.
它们都可以表示“舒适”、“ 悠闲”的意思。
ease 舒适, 悠闲。它主要指无艰辛的工作, 又无痛苦或压迫, 从而感到轻松悠闲。
The retired couple lived a life of ease.
那对退休夫妇过着舒适的生活。
The news set her heart at ease. 这则消息, 使她安下心来。
comfort 安逸, 舒适。它主要指没有困难, 也没有忧愁, 因而感到十分满足。
He takes his comfort in reading. 他常借读书自娱。
She wants only comfort instead of money and fame.
她不图金钱和名誉, 只图舒适。
leisure 安逸, 悠闲。它主要指工作和学习之后可自由支配的时间。
He doesn’t like a life of leisure. 她不喜欢过悠闲的生活。
Reading is a pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.
读书是一个人消磨悠闲日子的一种愉快的方式。
练习答案
课文A 练习
I. 阅读理解:
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. a
II. 找出下列单词或短语的同义词:
1. concern 2. possession 3. occasion 4. acquaintance 5. lively 6. grown-up 7. classification 8. principle 9. convenient 10. presence III. 用正确的情态动词完成下列句子:
1. ought 2. must 3. may 4. ought 5. could 6. Can 7. might 8. ought IV. 把下列句子译成英语:
1. Popular words belong to the people at large.
2. On the other hand, a language includes a large number of learned words.
3. The atmosphere of these two classes of words is quite different.
4. We don’t know some words until we grow up.
5. We learn some popular words long before we are albe to read.
词汇练习
I. 用所给单词的正确形式填空, 注意词性:
1. a. cultivate b. Cultivated c. cultivation 2. a. education b. educational c. educate 3. a. informal b. Formal c. formally 4. a. highly b. height c. high II. 用下列单词的正确形式填空:
1. style 2. occasions 3. highly 4. concern 5. possessions 6. topics 7. formal 8. cultivated 9. convenient 10. absolute III. 把下列句子译成英语:
1. Success belongs to those who apply themselves to work.
2. When they arrived in that country, they found that there were few occasions to speak Chinese.
3. Understanding each other is of great importance to friendship.
4. There are no two leaves which are the same in the world.
5. When I say they are friends, I do not mean that they share everything.
6. The meeting concerned trade and agriculture.
7. If the situation goes worse, a serious problem may come up.
8. I would rather go today than tomorrow.
9. A car is made up of many different parts.
10. The escaped prisoner is still at large.
课文B 练习
I. 根据课文判断下列句子正确与否:
1.× 2. √ 3. √ 4. √ 5.× 6. × 7. √ 8. √ 9. √ 10.×
II. 根据课文填上所缺的内容:
1. to look it up in the dictionary 2. interrupted
3. securely tied, running at top speed 4. dictionary
5. prefix, root, suffix 6. before
7. last, first 8. mental
9. success 10. Context, Parts, Dictionary
词汇练习
I. 从右边一栏中找出与左边一栏单词相应的定义:
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. e 5. d
II. 选择填空:
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D
语法练习
I. 划出下列句子中的分词并说出其语法功能:
1. shining 定语, working there 定语2. written in pencil 定语
3. Hearing the noise 时间状语4. being repaired 定语
5. said 表语；built for land transport 定语
6. getting ready for work 原因状语7. kept tied 主补
8. confusing 表语9. used in industry 定语
10. given by the girls of our class 定语
11. waiting to be examined 定语
12. leaving her with the two children 结果状语
13. Having sent her little sister to school 状语
14. needed 定语15. boating 目的状语
16. surrounding the earth 定语17. Thinking she must be late
时间状语
18. facing us one by one 定语
19. saying that this would be too expensive 伴随状语
20. being unloaded 宾补
II. 用所给动词的分词形式填空:
1. standing, rising 2. riding, shooting 3. beginning, advanced 4. done 5. playing 6. pleasing 7. reflecting 8. closed 9. reading 10.charged, bought11. living 12. extended 13. outlined 14. coming 15. wearing 16. Lying 17. having gone 18. working 19. moving 20. running III. 把下列句子译成英语, 划线的动词用分词形式:
1. He is quite satisfied with the test results.
2. She saw a herd of cows standing under the tree.
3. Having heard the news, they went to the railway station immediately.
4. Hong Kong, having returned to China in 1997, is one of the most important commercial and financial centers in Asia.
5. Turn off the light before you leave the room, please.
6. She has two sons living in Macao.
7. He made an important speech at the meeting held last week.
8. The present worth less than 200 dollars is duty-free.
9. Seeing him coming over, we hid behind the door.
10. Now she felt her heart beating fast.