But for many people the thought of taking breakfast in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still have no breakfast. Between 1987 and 1993, the latest years for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent-from 8. 8 million to 11. 7 million-according to the Chicago-based Market Research Center of America. For those who feel guilty about not having breakfast, there is some good news. Several studies in the past few years indicate that, for adults especially, there might be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.“Going without breakfast does not negatively affect performance, " said Arnold Bender of Queen Elizabeth College in London, “ neither does having breakfast improve performance. " Scientific evidence connecting breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the research work that has been done recently involves children, not adults.“The literature is poor" , says one of the researchers.
5 )Many North Americans do not have breakfast.
A. because they believe that breakfast was not important
B. though they think of breakfast as important
C. unless they can afford the time and the money
D. because they did not get up early enough to do so
6 )The passage suggests that there might be nothing to worry about if .
A. adults do not have breakfast
B. children do not have breakfast
C. North Americans have changed their attitudes towards breakfast
D. North Americans continue to think breakfast is important
7 )We can infer from the passage that the author.
A. thinks it necessary to do more research work on adults
B. thinks it necessary to do more research work on children
C. believes that it makes no difference whether people have breakfast or not
D. believes that North Americans should change their attitudes to breakfast
Passage 3
Of all the patients who are at risk of dying, some 20 percent present difficult choices-whether to keep trying to save the life or to pull back and let the patients die.
Even the definition of death has been changed. Now that the heart-lung machine can take over the function of breathing and pumping the blood, death no longer always comes when the patient breathes his last or when the heart stops beating. Thirty-one states and Washington D. C. have passed brain-death laws that identify death as when the whole brain ceases to function. More than a dozen states recognize“ living wills " in which the patients leave instructions to doctors not to try to prolong their lives by any methods if their illness becomes hopeless. Twenty to thirty percent of California doctors follow the instructions of such wills. In the meantime, the movement which places emphasis on providing comfort-notcure to the dying patient has gained strength in many areas. In spite of progress in society’s understanding of death and dying, problems remain.
On the one hand, doctors say that patients, just because they are old and disabled should not be denied lifesaving efforts. People also fear that under the guise of (假借..的名义)medical decisions not to treat certain patients, death may become too easy.
8 )Those patients are now generally regarded as dead in the U.
S.
A. whose heart has stopped functioning
B. whose lungs have stopped functioning
C. whose brain has stopped functioning
D. whose heart and lungs have stopped functioning
9 )If the patients leave“living wills" to doctors, the doctors.
A. will let them die
B. have to follow them
C. may or may not follow their instructions
D. will continue to try to cure them
10)We can infer from the passage that.
A. people understand death differently
B. people fully understand death
C. people are no longer afraid of death
D. people are afraid of death
6.完形填空
Plants and animals all need air.Only about one-fifth of the air is oxygen. The other four -fifths is another gas, without 1), smell or color, named nitrogen. Both plants and animals need nitrogen
2 )oxygen but they cannot take it from the air 3 ).How do they get 4)supply of nitrogen？There are very small organisms in soil and water which can 5)nitrogen out of the air and fix it
6 )complex materials which plants and animals can use. These materials are taken 7)by plants through their roots in water from the soil. Animals get their nitrogen by eating plants. 8 )of this nitrogen comes away in animal waste and men have for many thousands of years 9)enough to put animal waste 10 )into the soil to help plants grow.
1 )A. taste B. tastes C. the taste D. the tastes
2 )A. as much as B. as well as C. as long as D. as often as
3 )A. themselves B. for themselves
C. to themselves D. above themselves
4 )A. its B. theirs C. their D. it’s
5 )A. pick B. take C. make D. put
6 )A. with B. for C. by D. in
7 )A. up B. out C. over D. off
8 )A. Some B. Many C. Certain D. Few
9 )A. knowing B. to know C. known D. know
10)A. forward B. below C. around D. back
7.将下面的短文译成汉语。
It is true that breeding a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time. Farm experts know that it has taken hundreds of years of breeding different varieties of corn to get the kinds we have today. Presently there are several problems in growing amaranth (苋菜)as a crop. Because it is a wild plant, it is hard to predict the date when the crop will be ready to be harvested. It is also impossible to know the expected height of the individual plants or the yield of a given amount of seed. It is important for economic reasons to breed a plant of uniform height and one that can be harvested at a specific time each year. Now researchers are developing a hybrid (杂交品种)that is resistant to disease and harmful insects and at the same time provides a high yield.
8.将下面的句子译成英语。
1 )我们应该对自己的健康承担起责任。
2 )心脏病和食物有联系吗？
3 )在美国, 越来越多的核心家庭正在分裂。
4 )你们肯定会有我们有过的同样的困难。
5 )那是去年在纽约我第一次见到这位作家。
全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制定
1998 年5 月