书城工具书老外最想和你聊的101个英语话题——流行名人篇
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第42章 The Greatest Writers 文学大师(7)

贯穿他一生活动和创作的主导思想是人道主义、反对暴力、以爱制“恶”,他的创作期长达60年以上,作品包括26卷诗歌、20卷小说、12卷剧本、21卷哲理论著,合计79卷之多,给法国文学和人类文化宝库增添了一份十分辉煌的文化遗产。雨果几乎经历了19世纪法国的一切重大事变。他从小崇拜法国早期浪漫主义作家夏多布里昂。1827年发表韵文剧本《克伦威尔》和《序言》(1827),《序言》被称为法国浪漫主义戏剧运动的宣言,是雨果极为重要的文艺论著。1830年他据《序言》中的理论写成第一个浪漫主义剧本《欧那尼》,它的演出标志着浪漫主义对古典主义的胜利。特别值得一提的是,1861年,当雨果得知英法侵略者纵火焚烧了圆明园后发出了满腔义愤。他义正词严地写道:“法兰西帝国从这次胜利中获得了一半赃物,现在它又天真得仿佛自己就是真正的物主似的,将圆明园辉煌的掠夺物拿出来展览。我渴望有朝一日法国能摆脱重负,清洗罪责,把这些财富还给被劫掠的中国。”1885年5月22日,法国伟大的民族诗人、著名小说家维克多·雨果在巴黎与世长辞。100多年来,法国人民和世界各国人民一直缅怀这位伟大的法国文化先驱者。雨果的不朽名著《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《九三年》等小说杰作至今为广大人民所喜爱。

Key words & Sentences

关键词句全知道

They are great writer Victor Hugo and Emile Zola。

他们是大作家雨果和左拉。

Victor Hugo’s works have a great influence in our country。

维克多·雨果的作品在我国的影响很大。

Victor Hugo is the leader of French Romanticism Literary campaign。

雨果是法国浪漫主义文学运动的领袖。

As Victor Hugo once wrote, “A man is not idle because he is absorbed in thought。”

正如雨果写的,“这个人并没有闲着,因为他被思想抓住了。”

The novel entitled The Miserable was written by an eminent French writer, Victor Hugo。

小说《悲惨世界》是法国文豪雨果的作品。

Victor Hugo said: “The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved。”

维克多·雨果说:“生活中至高无上的幸福是确信我们为人所爱。”

Victor Hugo was the distinguished writer in France, what are his representative novels·

维克多·雨果为法国杰出的文学家,其代表性小说有哪些·

We find Victor Hugo was abusing violently。

我们发现维克多·雨果正在激烈谩骂。

“Les Miserables” is representative works of Victor Hugo。

《悲惨世界》是法国文坛最著名的小说家维克多·雨果的代表作。

From Victor Hugo to Bertolt Brecht, story tellers have shown that audiences respond most strongly to struggles of the soul。

从维克多·雨果到贝托尔特·布莱希特,故事的讲授者证明了观众是因为灵魂的斗争而最受触动。

I thought of Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables。

我想到了雨果的《悲惨世界》。

The Maison Victor Hugo is not magnificent as imagined。

大文豪雨果的纪念馆并非想象中的壮观。

It is famous not only for Victor Hugo’s famous novel but also for its gothic architecture which was considered to be the sign of European architecture。

它不仅仅是因为雨果的小说而闻名于世,而且因为它那哥特式的建筑被认为是欧洲建筑的标志。

When Victor Hugo was past eighty years of age he gave expression to his religious faith in these sublime sentences: “I feel in myself the future life。”

法国文豪雨果过了八十岁以后,他以下面的一段名言来表达他的心意说:“我感觉到未来的新生命。

Romantic as the representative works of fiction, Notre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo everywhere reflects the advocacy of “Beauty and Ugliness control” principle。

作为浪漫派小说的代表作品之一,《巴黎圣母院》处处体现了雨果所倡导的“美丑对照”原则。

Last year during my visit to Japan, my host invited me to a show, Les Miserables, a novel written by French writer Victor Hugo。

去年我访问日本时,我的主人请我看了法国作家维克多·雨果的《悲惨世界》。

He liked Byron and Victor Hugo。

他喜欢拜伦和维克多·雨果。

The more literate observers were reminded of that memorable scene in Victor Hugo’s Ninety-Three, when a huge cannon breaks loose on the gun deck of a ship in a rough sea。

这让精通文学的观察家们不禁想起雨果在《九三年》里描述的情景:波涛汹涌的海面上,巨大的加农炮正从船上的炮台挣脱出来。

To reveal with lyric poems the meaning in the daily life and to depict the fate of the marginalized figures in the society are the influences and enlightenments Baudelaire benefited from Victor Hugo。

用抒情诗表现平凡琐碎事物中的诗意,并且对社会边缘人物的命运加以关注和思考,这是波德莱尔得益于雨果的影响和启发。

Let’s Talk!

开始交流吧!

Mike: I plan to go to Paris this summer。

麦克:我准备这个夏天去巴黎。

Daisy: That’s great, it’s such a romantic city。

黛西:真不错,巴黎是个很浪漫的城市。

Mike: Yes, I am very excited about this trip。

是的,我对这次旅行感到非常激动。

Daisy: Have you decided where to visit·

黛西:你们决定好去参观哪里了吗·

Mike: Firstly, I must see the Notre Dame de Paris。

麦克:首先,我要去看看巴黎圣母院。

Daisy: Why·

黛西:为什么呢·

Mike: I’ve written Hugo’s Notre Dame de Paris, and I like the story so much。

麦克:我看了雨果的《巴黎圣母院》,我非常喜欢这个故事。

Daisy: It’s a tragic love story。

黛西:这是个悲剧爱情故事。

Mike: Yes, Hugo is such a great author。

麦克:是的,雨果是一个很伟大的作家。

Daisy: I’ve read his Les Miserables。

黛西:我读过他的《悲惨世界》。

Mike: He likes to write tragedies。

麦克:他喜欢写悲剧。

Daisy: Tragedies are always very touching。

黛西:悲剧通常都很感人。

Mike: You are right。

麦克:你说得对。

Tagore

泰戈尔

泰戈尔多才多艺,才华超人。既是作品浩繁的文学艺术大师、学识渊博的哲人、成就卓著的社会活动家,也是锐意革新的教育家。他一生所有的贡献,不但在印度历史上具有划时代的意义,在国际上也产生了巨大影响。

About Tagore

关于泰戈尔

Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist, musician, painter and playwright who reshaped Bengali literature and music。 As author of Gitanjali with its “profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse”, he was the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature (1913)。 His poetry in translation was viewed as spiritual, and this together with his mesmerizing persona gave him a prophet-like aura in the west。 His “elegant prose and magical poetry” still remain largely unknown outside the confines of Bengal。

A Pirali Brahmin from Kolkata, Tagore was already writing poems since he was eight years old。 At age 16, he published his first substantial poetry under the pseudonym Bhanushingho (“Sun Lion”) and wrote his first short stories and dramas in 1877。 Tagore achieved further note when he denounced the British Raj and supported Indian independence。 His efforts endure in his vast canon and in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University。

Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms。 His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to political and personal topics。 Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and contemplation。 Tagore was perhaps the only litterateur who penned anthems of two countries-Jana Gana Mana, the Indian national anthem and Amar Shonar Bangla, the Bangladeshi national anthem。

1956年,周恩来总理回忆时说:“泰戈尔是对世界文学作出卓越贡献的天才诗人……”他熏陶了一批中国最有才华的诗人和作家,其中郭沫若、冰心受到的影响最深。郭沫若是中国新诗第一人,称自己文学生涯的“第一阶段是泰戈尔式的”。冰心是中国新文学女性作家第一人,她早期的创作受到了泰戈尔的明显影响,特别是诗集《繁星》和《春水》。她说:“我自己写《繁星》和《春水》的时候,并不是在写诗,只是受了泰戈尔的《飞鸟集》的影响,把许多‘零碎的思想’,收集在一个集子里而已。”郭沫若、冰心等人又以他们的作品,影响了一代又一代中国读者。

Key words & Sentences

关键词句全知道

Tagore called it “one solitary tear on the cheek of time”。

泰戈尔把它称作“落在时光脸颊上的一滴孤独的泪”。

I remember Tagore said: love is given, it will never lose。

我记得泰戈尔说过:爱是给予,所以永远不会失去。

The fourth chapter is comparison between Tagore and Wordsworth natural view。