underline* [....nd....lain] v.①强调，使突出②在.下画线
[ 同义] emphasize ，st ress
[ 例句] “Unde rline the most impor tant words when you ar e r eading ，”the teacher always told us.
updated* [..p..deitid] ad j.更新的
[ 例句] Maps need r egular updated.
vegetative [..ved..it..tiv] adj.植物人状态的in accord with 与.一致
[ 例句] What he has said is not in accord with our policy.
in one’s own terms 根据自己的主张或条件
[ 例句] It is very difficult to do the work on your terms.
point up 强调
[ 例句] The resent disagr eement points up the differ ences between the two sides.
sell out (货物) 全部卖完
[ 例句] The shop sold out all their shir ts.
under way 在进行中
[ 例句] The project is now well unde r way.
Passage Ⅲ How to Succeed at Failing
词汇精解
activism [.... ktiviz..m] n.行动主义
ambit ion [.. m..bi..n] n.抱负，雄心，野心
aphorism [.... f..rizm] n.格言，警句
award4 [....w....d] n.奖；奖品
v.授予，给予
[ 同义] prize
[ 考点] award sth.to sb for sth.颁发，授予
[ 辨析] rewa rd；award 作动词时，award 授予“奖章”、“奖金”、“称号”。awa rd 的结构是award sb.sth .，awa rd sth.to sb.和sb.be awarded sth.r eward；“报酬”、“报答”，多以人或人的行为为宾语，如果说明以何为报酬，则要加with 短语。作名词时，award 指成绩优秀或贡献卓越而获得的奖励，往往是一种荣誉，可以是精神上的，也可以是物质上的；rewa rd 指应得到的报酬、奖金，不侧重荣誉。
[ 例句] 1 ) He was awa rded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his cr eative achievements for the development of the company.
2 ) Ma rtin Ruthe r King Jr.was awa rded the peace Nobel Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.
barn4 [ b....n] n.谷仓；牲口棚；库房
[ 例句] The photo showed an old red barn on a farm.
curse4 [ k....s] n.①祸因，祸根②诅咒，咒骂③骂人话
[ 考点] be cursed with 受.折磨，不幸有.毛病
curse sb.for doing sth.因.而诅咒某人
put a curse on sb.诅咒某人
curse at sb ./ sth.诅咒某人或某物
[ 例句] 1 ) Our t ribe is under a curse.我们的部族正遭天谴。
2 ) Foxes can be a curse to fa rmers.狐狸可给农民带来祸害。
cycle4 [..saikl ] n.①循环，周期②自行车，摩托车
[ 考点] the life cycle of insects 昆虫的生活周期
in cycles 周期性的
the cycle of the seasons 季节的循环
epithet [..epi..et ] n.(用于褒贬人物等的) 表述形容词，修饰语
fixation [ fik..sei..n] n.不正常的偏爱
heap4 [ hi..p] v.①堆积②大家颂扬/ 批评n.堆
[ 同义] pile
[ 考点] a heap of 大量的，许多的
all of a heap (口语) 突然，完全
in a heap 成对的(地)
heap up 堆积
heap on 大量的，慷慨的
heaps of times 许多次
knock (st rike ) sb.all of a heap 使某人大吃一惊；
使某人惊慌失措；把某人弄糊涂
[ 例句] 1 ) A heap of old clothes was lying in the corne r.一堆旧衣服堆在角落里。
2 ) His books lay in a heap on the floor of the living room.他的书叠成一堆放在客厅的地板上。
historical4 [ hi..st..rikl] adj.(有关) 历史的，历史学的
[ 同义] histor ic
[ 辨析] histor ic；historical；historied histor ic 历史上有名的，重要的；历史上有记载的，历史性的，强调的是具有历史意义和在历史上有名的；histor ical 历史的，基于史实的，强调的是在过去真正存在过或发生过或与历史的相关性；historied 作为历史记载的。
[ 例句] She is engaged in historical research.
inalienable [ in..eili..n..bl ] ad j.不可分割的，不可剥夺的indigent [..indid....nt ] ad j.贫穷的，贫困的insomnia [ in..s..mni..] n.失眠(症) misspend* [..mis..spend] v.浪费(时间、金钱等)
[ 同义] waste
[ 考点] misspend sth.on sb ./ sth.滥用，浪费
[ 例句] She mis spent energy on some useles s things.
naive6 [ n......i..v] adj.幼稚的，无经验的
nest4 [ nest ] n.鸟巢，鸟窝
[ 考点] a wasps’ nest 黄蜂窝
a nest of c rime 罪恶的渊薮
a nest of boxes 一套盒子
to nest dis hes in the cabinet 将碟子放到碗橱里
[ 例句] Ther e is a swallow nest in my office.
overdog [....uv..d....] n.(斗争中) 占优势者，占上风的一方
percept ive* [ p....septiv] ad j.感觉灵敏的，有洞察力的
[ 例句] The most perceptive of the thr ee ，she was the first to r ealize the potential dange r of their situa tion.
politician4 [..p..li..ti..n] n.政治家，政客
[ 同义] statesman
[ 辨析] politician；statesman
politician 是指从政者，政客，常含贬义；statesman 指政治家，常带有赞美之意。
[ 例句] The career politician had been in public office for 50 years.
pony [..p..uni] n.小马，矮种马
promising6 [..pr..misi..] ad j.有希望的，有前途的
promotion* [ pr....m..u..n] n.提升，晋级
[ 考点] promote sb.to be 把某人提升为.
promote disorder 引起混乱
get (be given ) a promotion 获得提升
block sb .’s promotion 阻挠某人提升
promotion of sth.促进，提倡，赞助
[ 例句] Our teacher has got a promotion.
resurrect [ r ez....rekt ] v.复活，恢复
scoutmaster [..skautm....st..] n.童子军领队
shareholder [....e..h..uld..] n.股东
single mindedly [..si....l..maindidli] adv.一心一意地，专心致志地
speculation* [ spekju..lei..n] n.思索，沉思；猜测
[ 考点] speculation on / upon/ about 关于.
[ 例句] Nowadays papers ar e full of speculation about who is likely to be the next president.
sweat4 [ swet ] v.(使) 出汗n.汗水
[ 考点] an old sweat (口语) 老兵，老手
be all of swea t 流着大汗，(因不安、恐惧等而) 冒着冷汗
by the sweat of one’s brow 额上出着汗，靠自己拼命工作
in a cold sweat (口语) 冒着冷汗
no sweat 轻而易举的事
sweat blood 拼命地工作，辛苦，非常地卖力；极为担心
sweat it out 作剧烈的运动，使自己出一身汗；硬撑到底，忍耐到底
swear off 借出汗减轻体重
sweat over sth.辛苦的工作
sweat out a cold 借出汗治感冒
[ 例句] She wipes the sweat from his brow.
timetable [..taimteibl ] n.时间表，日程表
towards4 [ t....w....dz ] p rep.向，朝，对面，接近，对，有助于
[ 考点] ① (表方向) 朝.方向I saw jack running towards me.
② (表倾向、目的) 有.的趋势There is a distant tendency towards inflation.
③ (表关系) 对. His at titude towards me has changed.
④ (表示时间、数量) 接近. Towards the end of the game s he fell asleep.
[ 辨析] towards；to towards 只是表示朝着目的地移动，而to 则含有到达的意思。
underdog [....nd..d....；(US ) -d......] n.处于劣势的人(或一方)
world class [w....ld..kl....s ] ad j.世界一流水平的
churn out 大量炮制，粗制滥造
[ 例句] The plant churns out lots and lots of car a day.
come across (尤指偶然) 遇见，碰上，发现
[ 例句] I came across an old school friend in the st reet yesterday.
live out ①活到.结束②实现
[ 例句] 1 ) The old man can not live out this month.
2 ) His ha rd work made his live out his childhood dream.
look back on 记起，回忆起
[ 例句] Sometimes he always looks back on his college life.
look to someone for something 指望，仰仗
[ 例句] We look to you for help.
not to mention 更不用说.
[ 例句] He can not walk ，not to mention run.
status quo 现状
[ 例句] Habit always forces us to keep a status quo that is no longer r elevant.
turn out 结果(是) ，原来(是) ，证明(是)
[ 例句] To our surprise the str anger turned out to be an old friend of my brother.