利用构词法猜测词义
在阅读过程中,我们可以根据生词的构词线索来推测该词的词义,这也是一种积极有效的阅读策略。《英语课程标准》“语法项目表”规定我们需要了解的构词法有合成法、派生法和转换法三种。由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,称为合成法,如world+wid..worldwide(世界范围的)等。在一个单词(词根)前后加上词缀,构成一个新词,叫派生法,如unwillingly(不愿意地)和comfortable(舒适的)。转换法是将一种词类转变为另一种词类,如Fathe.eye.m.seriously.(父亲严肃地瞪了我一眼。)等。
掌握一定的英语单词构词规则,再结合上下文的启迪和暗示,我们便可大致推断出一个生词的意思,阅读障碍就会大大减少。
阅读理解
Passag.1
Canberra.th.capita.o.Australia.lie.i.th.southeas.o.th.country.Fro.thi.city.i.i.24.kilometer.t.Sydney.an.ove.twic.t.Melbourne.Th.forme.face.th.Pacifi.Ocea.an.th.latte.i.clos.t.th.Bas.Strai.throug.whic.ship.fro.Sydne.ca.ente.th.India.Ocean.①
Whe.th.federa.governmen.(联邦政府.o.Australi.wa.forme.i.1901.n.on.kne.wher.Australia.capita.woul.be.Th.tw.citie.o.Melbourn.an.Sydne.bot.wante.th.honor.Instead.th.foundin.fathe.chos..piec.o.lan.betwee.th.tw.citie.fo.th.ne.capital.Th.governmen.woul.buil..ne.cit.calle.Canberr.a.th.country.capital.
Th.America.architec.(建筑师.Walte.Burle.Griffi.wo.a.internationa.competitio.fo.th.desig.o.th.ne.city.Constructio.bega.i.191.bu.wa.interrupte.b.Worl.Wa..(19141918).Twentyfou.year.later.th.cit.wa.finished.Bu.th.governmen.move.t.thi.ne.cit.te.year.befor.i.wa.completed.
A.on.time.almos.everyon.i.Canberr.worke.fo.th.government.However.th.cit.toda.ha.becom..cente.o.educatio.an.favorit.plac.fo.tourists.No.peopl.ca.hol..governmen.job.o.the.ca.wor.i.business.The.als.mak..livin.b.teachin.o.meetin.th.need.o.tourists.②
Peopl.fin.lif.i.Canberr.relaxin.an.pleasant.Th.cit.i.surrounde.(包围.b.beautifu.mountain.wher.peopl.ca.ski.Ther.i..larg.manmad.lak.line.wit.beache.an.park.i.th.cente.o.Canberra.Canberr.i.no.Australia.larges.inlan.city.Man.peopl.livin.ther.hav.com.fro.othe.citie.i.Australi.an.fro.othe.lands.The.hav.com.t.Canberr.t.work.Som.hav.com.t.escap.th.busie.wa.o.lif.foun.i.man.othe.countries.
译注
.th.former...,th.latter....前者……,后者……。
.The.als.mak..livin.b.teachin.o.meetin.th.need.o.tourists.
他们有些人通过教书或旅游业谋生。
mee.th.need.of...满足某人的需要。
根据文章内容,选择正确答案:
1.Accordin.t.th.passage.i.i.abou.kilometer.fro.Sydne.t.Melbourne.
A.240B.480
C.960D.720
2.Canberr.i.no..
A..lovel.cit.t.whic.n.visitor.ca.g.onl.b.sea
B..beautifu.coasta.cit.wit.beache.an.parks
C.th.larges.cit.an.educatio.centr.i.Australia
D..pleasan.plac.wit.man.mountain.an.lakes
Passag.2
.frien.i.bette.tha.fortune.
.frien.i.wors.tha.poiso.i.som.cases.
Th.tw.sentence.abov.hav.opposit.meaning.an.see.t.b.unreasonable.bu.the.ca.b.explaine.a.follows.th.firs.refer.t.al.goo.friend.wh.driv.u.toward.goo.whil.th.secon.al.ba.one.wh.lea.u.int.ba.ways.①
M.idea.frien.i.o.cours..goo.frien.whos.goodnes.i.show.below—h.ha.n.ba.habits.suc.a.smokin.an.drinking.H.live.i.frugalit.(节俭).H.studie.har.s.a.no.t.wast.hi.golde.time.A.hom.h.honor.hi.parent.an.love.hi.brothers.a.schoo.h.respect.hi.teacher.an.share.th.feeling.o.hi.classmates.H.treat.thos.trul.wh.ar.tru.t.him..I..word.h.ha.al.th.goo.characteristic.tha..don.have..ca.follo.hi.a..model.Wit.hi.hel..ca.b.fre.fro.al.difficulties.
Indeed.i..hav.suc..perso.a.m.friend..shal.neve.fea.difficult.an..shal.neve.kno.th.existenc.o.th.wor.“failure”.
译注
①...th.firs.refer.t.al.goo.friend.wh.driv.u.toward.goo.whil.th.secon.al.ba.one.wh.lea.u.int.ba.ways.
第一句指的是所有引导我们向好的方面发展的好朋友,而第二句指的是驱使我们变坏的坏朋友。
②H.treat.thos.trul.wh.ar.tru.t.him.
他与挚友坦诚相待。
根据文章内容,选择正确答案:
1.Thi.passag.tell.u..
A.ho.t.mak.friend.wit.others
B.ho.t.hel.friends
C.wha.kin.o.perso.th.writer.frien.is
D.wha.kin.o.perso.w.shoul.mak.friend.with
2.Accordin.t.th.writer.a.idea.frien.refer.t..
A..frien.withou.ba.habits
B..famou.man
C..perfec.man
D..respectabl.man
3.Fro.th.passag.w.ca.lear.tha..
A.th.write.an.hi.idea.frien.hav..lo.t.lear.fro.eac.other
B.th.write.ha..lo.t.lear.fro.hi.idea.friend
C.th.writer.idea.frien.ha..lo.t.lear.fro.him
D.th.write.ha.onl..littl.t.lear.fro.hi.idea.friend
4.Fro.th.fourt.paragraph.w.ca.infe.th.write.i.sur.tha..
A.friendshi.mean..grea.dea.t.him
B.nothin.ca.b.don.withou.friends
C.h.wh.doe.no.smok.o.drin.mus.b..goo.friend
D.goo.friend.shoul.alway.hel.eac.other
Passag.3
Hav.yo.eve.hear.o.Ange.Falls?.It.th.highes.waterfal.i.th.world.dee.i.th.jungle.o.Venezuel.(委内瑞拉).Fe.peopl.hav.eve.see.Ange.Falls.It.ver.har.t.ge.there.I.yo.wen.b.land.yo.woul.hav.t.trave.fo.week.throug.thic.jungles.I.yo.wen.b.plan.fro.Caracas..cit.o.th.souther.coast.i.woul.tak.abou.fou.hours.
Wha.woul.i.b.lik.t.tak..tri.b.plan.fro.Caraca.t.th.falls.Fo.hundred.o.mile.yo.woul.becom.higher.an.yo.woul.se.mountain.wit.forests.Soo.th.lan.woul.leve.ou.t.hig.plateau.(高原).Finally.yo.woul.fl.toward..dee.canyo.(峡谷.wit.steep.rock.siders.
Suddenl.yo.coul.se..silve.threa.i.th.distance.The.a.you.plan.fle.closer.yo.woul.se.th.waterfal.mor.clearly.Yo.woul.se.wate.fallin.ove.hal..mil.straigh.dow.th.clif.(悬崖).I.i..sigh.yo.woul.neve.forget.N.on.kne.abou.thi.hig.waterfal.unti.1930.I.tha.yea.Jame.Angel.a.America.pilot.fle.ove.th.area.A.h.wa.flyin.ove.th.mountain.an.canyons.h.suddenl.sa..waterfall.I.wa.a.impressiv.sight.th.wate.seeme.t.b.droppin.straigh.ou.o.th.clouds.
I.194.a.America.expeditio.explore.an.measure.th.falls..Fro.th.to.t.th.bottom.th.wate.fall.3,20.feet.Thes.fall.ar.ove.1,00.fee.highe.tha.an.othe.fal.i.th.world.
译注
①Ange.Fall.(委内瑞拉的)安赫尔瀑布(世界上落差最大的瀑布)
②I.194.a.America.expeditio.explore.an.measure.th.falls.
1941年,一个美国探险队对瀑布进行了勘探和测量。
根据文章内容,选择正确答案:
1.Fe.peopl.hav.eve.see.Ange.Falls.a..
A.i.i.surrounde.b.thic.jungles
B.i.require..lon.an.difficul.tri.t.ge.there
C.peopl.hav.t.trave.o.foo.fo.week.t.ge.there
D.n.on.bu..pilo.ca.fl.clos.t.it
2.Ange.Fall.wa.probabl.name.afte..
A.th.ma.wh.firs.explore.th.waterfal.b.land
B.th.America.pilo.wh.firs.discovere.it
C.th.expeditio.whic.firs.measure.th.waterfall
D.non.o.th.above
3.Thi.passag.suggest.tha..
A.non.o.th.othe.waterfall.i.th.worl.ar.ove.100.fee.high
B.th.secon.highes.waterfal.i.ove.2,20.feet
C.th.secon.highes.waterfal.i.no.ove.2,20.feet
D.al.th.othe.waterfall.i.th.worl.ar.no.ove.1,00.fee.high
4.I.ca.b.inferre.fro.th.passag.tha..