What is generally referred to as the second revolution broke outin the summer of 1913. It might better be called a rebellion， as it was arevolt against the government established by Yuan Shih-kai.
Dissatisfaction with Yuan Shih-kaiThe members of the Kuomintang， or Citizen"s Party， weredissatisfied with President Yuan and accused him of planning to makehimself dictator.
Seditious articles appeared in the Chinese newspapers， callingon the people to rise and to overthrow his government， and it becamenecessary for the Shanghai Municipal Council on May 2nd to issue awarning to the native press.
One of the causes of dissatisfaction was the arrangement for aloan by the Government with the Sextuple Group （reduced to five afterthe withdrawal of the United States）。 It was claimed that accordingto the provisional constitution this loan should first have received theapproval of Parliament， but that it had never been submitted to thatbody for consideration.
The murder of Sung Chiao-jen on March 20th in the ShanghaiNorth Station of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway， was regarded as anact of treachery on the part of the Government. Mr. Sung， a youngHunanese， was an active member of the Kuomintang， and was destinedby his supporters to become Premier. There was strong evidence thathis murder was instigated from Peking so as to remove him from thepolitical stage.
The hand of Peking was also seen in the removal of Mr. Y. C.
Tong from the directorship of the Chinese Telegraphs in Shanghai， inorder that the control might be obtained by the authorities in Peking.
Outbreak of Rebellion at WuchangThe rebellion， like the first Revolution broke out in Wuchang， butwas suppressed at that centre by General Li Yuan-hung， Vice-Presidentof the Republic. At the same time it spread along the Yangtze， andHuang Hsin， one of the leaders in the Revolution of 1911， raised thestandard of revolt in Nanking， which led to a long siege of that city bythe troops from the North.
Trouble in Shanghai
On July 20th an attempt was made within the Settlement on thepart of the revolutionists to seize the Telegraphs. This was resisted bythe Municipal police， as military operations within the Settlement werea violation of its neutrality.
As early as May 29th a futile attack was made by 70 men on thearsenal at Shanghai， with the expectation that the troops at Lunghuawould mutiny and come to their assistance. When this did not happen，the attempt collapsed.
In marked contrast with the first Revolution， the Chinesemercantile community of Shanghai withheld financial support， as itwas anxious for peace， and unwilling to pass through another longperiod of confusion.
Admiral Tseng Ju-cheng was appointed by the Peking Governmentto control the Shanghai district and to hold it against the rebels. Hesucceeded in ousting from the arsenal 1，000 Chekiang troops of whomhe felt doubtlful and in replacing them by 1，500 of his own men， andproceeded to put the arsenal into a state of defence.
Bombardment of the ArsenalOn Wednesday， July 23rd， at three o"clock in the morning，the rebels began the bombardment of the arsenal from three points，Nantao， St. Catherine"s Bridge， and Lunghua， and this was resumedon Wednesday， Thursday， and Friday nights. There was a cessationof hostilities Saturday and Sunday nights， but on Monday night ofthe following week the bombardment was renewed with double fury.
One of the Chinese cruisers on the Whangpoo was struck. As thefiring from the ships was somewhat wild， some of the shells fell in theSettlements and on The Bund， and caused considerable consternation.
A lighter in the harbour was sunk and a Portuguese boy in the PubilcGardens was wounded.