This led me to a study of expectancy theory and self-fulfilling prophecies or the “Pygmalion effect”，and to a realization of how deeply imbedded our perceptions are.？我开始学习自我激励理论和“皮格马利翁效应”，学习如何更深刻地了解我们自己。
5. Pan
Pan’s parentage was a problem of long argument. But most writers of Greek mythology agree that he was the son of Hermes and the lovely fairy maiden Penelope. He was a cold， hairy country monster， with the upper part of a man and the body and legs of a goat. Wandering about in the mountains and woods with other wood gods and cheerful fairy maidens， Pan led a perfectly carefree life. He was admired as the god of woods and pastures， with prophetic powers. He represented nature and country life. In old times he was honoured as a god who was good， just and holy.
Pan had a strong desire for women. At one time he loved a charming maiden， Syrinx， but to his disappointment his love was not returned. One day Syrinx left Pan with a fearful step， which lighted Pan’s love all the more. He ran after her and was almost overtaking her when she was turned， at her own request， into a clump of reeds by Mother Earth. Pan wept bitterly at the change. Sadly he picked some pieces of the reeds and made a pipe. He played so sweetly on it that Apollo was helpless before him.
At the time of the battle of Marathon， Pan met the Athenian messenger to Sparta. He asked the man to say to the Athenians that， although they did not like him， he still felt kindly towards them and would aid them in their difficulties. When fighting against enemies went on near Marathon， the Athenians were surprised to see that the Persian soldiers were suddenly seized with a mysterious fear and ran away from the field in disorder. The great Pan had struck into the hearts of the Persians a kind of fear. The fear has been ever since known as panic. After the war， the Athenians gratefully dedicated a temple to Pan. The sacrifices and games were held in his honour.
5. 潘
潘的父母是谁是一个长期争议的问题。但是大多数希腊神话作家都认为他是赫耳墨斯与可爱的仙子珀涅罗珀之子。潘是一头冷酷、浑身长满毛的乡间野兽，上半身为人，下半身为山羊。他和其他的森林之神及仙女在山林之间闲游，过着完全无拘无束的生活。潘被尊为山林和田园之神，具有预言的能力。他代表着自然和乡村生活，以前他被奉为一位善良、正直神圣的神。
潘对女人有一种强烈的欲望。一次他爱上了一位迷人的少女，西瑞克斯。然而令他失望的是，他的爱情没有得到回报。一天西瑞克斯恐惧地逃离潘，结果却使潘的爱情之火更为炽热。潘追逐着西瑞克斯，他几乎赶上了她。这时在西瑞克斯的请求下，大地之母把她变成了一丛芦苇。面对此变，潘放声恸哭。悲哀之中，潘采折了一丛芦苇，制成一支风笛。他吹得如此悦耳，就连阿波罗也无法比得上。
在马拉松战争时期，潘遇见了前往斯巴达的信使。他请求信使转告雅典人：尽管雅典人并不喜欢他，他仍旧愿意友好地对待他们，愿意在他们的困难时期给予帮助。雅典人在马拉松附近与敌人作战时，惊奇地发现波斯士兵突然被一种莫名的恐惧所笼罩，他们混乱地逃离战地。原来伟大的潘给波斯士兵的内心注入了一种恐惧。自此之后，这种恐惧就成为众所周知的恐慌。战后雅典人满怀感激之情建了一座神庙献给潘，将祭品和猎物敬献给他以示尊敬。
单词短语透视
1.
parentage [‘pe？r？nt？d？] ？n. 出身，门第；父母亲的身份例句
He was born of humble parentage.？
他出生寒微。
2.
argument [’ɑ？gjum？nt] ？n. 争论，争辩例句
We agreed without much further argument.？我们没怎么进一步争论就达成了一致意见。
3.
mythology [m？‘θ？l？d？？] ？n. 神话，神话学例句
In Greek mythology， Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.？在希腊神话中，宙斯是众神和人类的统治者。
4.
hairy [’he？r？] ？adj. 多毛的，长毛的
例句
The newborn baby has a hairy head.？
这个新生儿的脑袋上长了很多头发。
5.
cheerful [‘t？？？fl] ？adj. 欢乐的，高兴的例句
You’re very cheerful today.？
你今天很高兴。
6.
perfectly [‘p？？f？ktli] ？adv. 完美地，理想地例句
She is always perfectly groomed.？
她总是打扮得干净利落。
7.
carefree [’ke？fri？] ？adj. 无忧无虑的，快乐舒畅的，逍遥自在的例句
He looked happy and carefree.？
他看起来轻松愉快。
8.
pasture [‘pɑ？st？？（r）] ？n. 牧场，牧地，草原例句
Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture.？
每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
9.
prophetic [pr？’fet？k] ？adj. （似）预言家的，（似）先知的例句
Her early achievements were prophetic of her future greatness.？她早期的成就预示了她日后卓尔不群。
10.
represent [，repr？‘zent] ？v. 表示，象征例句
The rose represents England.？
玫瑰花是英格兰的象征。
11.
just [d？？st] ？adj. 公正的，公平的
例句
I don’t really think he had just cause to complain.？我真不觉得他有正当的理由投诉。
12.
holy [‘h？ul？] ？adj. 神圣的，圣洁的
例句
To them， as to all Christians， this is a holy place.？对他们以及所有基督徒来说，这里是一处圣地。
13.
charming [’t？ɑ：m？？] ？adj. 迷人的，可爱的例句
He’s a bit of a rogue， but very charming.？
他好捣蛋，但却很讨人喜欢。
14.
disappointment [，d？s？‘p？？ntm？nt] ？n. 失望，沮丧例句
To our great disappointment， it rained on the day of the picnic.？使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。
15.
fearful [’fi？ful] ？adj. 害怕的，担心的例句
Parents are ever fearful for their children.？父母总是为子女担忧。
16.
overtake [，？uv？‘te？k] ？v. 追上，超过例句
It’s dangerous to overtake on a bend.？
在转弯处超车十分危险。
17.
clump [kl？mp] ？n. （尤指树木或花草的）丛例句
A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.？一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
18.
bitterly [‘b？t？li] ？adv. 苦涩地，痛苦地例句
They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.？他们对比赛结果极为失望。
19.
reed [ri？d] ？n. 芦苇
例句
The river banks were overgrown with reed.？河岸长满了芦苇。
20.
pipe [pa？p] ？n. 管乐器；（管风琴的）音管例句
A pipe organ gives much more volume than a violin or flute.？管风琴发出的音量比小提琴或笛子都大。
21.
messenger [’mes？nd？？（r）] ？n. 送信者，报信例句
I’ll order a special messenger to deliver the document.？
我会派专人把文件送去。
22.
suddenly [‘s？d？nli] ？adv. 意外地，忽然地例句
He sat down suddenly.？
他猛地坐了下来。
23.
seize [si？z] ？v. 抓住，捉住，占据
例句
She seized me by the wrist.？
她抓住我的手腕。
24.
mysterious [m？’st？？r？？s] ？adj. 神秘的，不可思议的例句
He was being very mysterious and wouldn’t tell me what he was up to.？
他神秘莫测，不告诉我他想干什么。
25.
disorder [d？s‘？？d？（r）] ？n. 混乱，凌乱例句
Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder.？大家一下子全都喊叫起来，会议秩序大乱而被迫中断。
26.
panic [’p？k] ？n. 恐慌，惊惶
例句
I got into a panic when I found the door was locked.？
我发觉门锁上了，十分惊慌。
27.
gratefully [‘ɡre？tf？l？] ？adv. 感激地，感谢地例句
We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of everyone who helped us.？我们衷心感谢每一位帮助我们的人所付出的努力。
28.
dedicate [’ded？ke？t] ？v. 奉献给
例句
She dedicated her life to helping the poor.？她毕生致力于帮助穷人。
29.
temple [‘templ] ？n. 庙宇，神殿
例句
The temple is supported by marble columns.？这座庙宇由大理石柱支撑。
神话背后的习语
1. a freedom of Pan 潘的自由世界， 逍遥自在， 无拘无束。
潘是古希腊神话里的一位快乐之神，传说他出生时，浑身长毛，头上有角，有山羊的蹄子和弯鼻子，有胡须和尾巴，他的母亲看到婴儿的长相吓出了一身冷汗，惊恐之中把他抛弃，但孩子却被神使赫耳墨斯（Hermes）捡走，被带到众神所在地——奥林匹斯山（Olympus）。孩子的模样引起众神发笑，但他们都很喜欢他，允许他加入神的行列，并给他取名为“潘”，意思是“放牧或牧人”的意思。