大B:“假设现在要设计一个贩卖各类书籍的电子商务网站的购物车(Shopping Cat)系统。一个最简单的情况就是把所有货品的单价乘上数量,但是实际情况肯定比这要复杂。”
小A:“一般会有哪些情况哩?”
大B:“比如:1、可能对所有的儿童类图书实行每本一元的折扣;2、计算机类图书提供每本7%的促销折扣,而对电子类图书有3%的折扣;3、剩余的图书没有折扣。4、还会有新的打折策略。由于有这样复杂的折扣算法,使得价格计算问题需要系统地解决。”
方案一:业务逻辑放在各具体子类
/**//*
*各子类实现销售价格算法
*/
public abstract class Book……{
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName()……{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)……{
this。name=name;
}
public double getPrice()……{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price)……{
this。price=price;
}
public abstract double getSalePrice();
}
public class CsBook extends Book……{
public CsBook(String name,double price)
{
this。setName(name);
this。setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice()
……{
return this。getPrice()*0.93;
}
}
public class ChildrenBook extends Book……{
public ChildrenBook(String name,double price)……{
this。setName(name);
this。setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice()……{
return this。getPrice()-1;
}
}
public class Client……{
public static void main(String args[])
……{
Book csBook1=new CsBook(“Think in java”,45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook(“Hello”,20);
System。out。println(csBook1.getName()+:+csBook1.getSalePrice());
System。out。println(childrenBook1.getName()+:+childrenBook1.getSalePrice());
}
}
问题:每个子类必须都各自实现打折算法,即使打折算法相同。所以code reuse不好
方案二:
//把打折策略代码提到父类来实现code reuse
public abstract class Book……{
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName()……{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)……{
this。name=name;
}
public double getPrice()……{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price)……{
this。price=price;
}
//销售价格
public static double toSalePrice(Book book)
……{
if(book instanceof ChildrenBook)
……{
return book。getPrice()-1;
}
else if(book instanceof CsBook)
……{
return book。getPrice()*0.93;
}
return 0;
}
}
public class Client……{
public static void main(String args[])
……{
Book csBook1=new CsBook(“Think in java”,45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook(“Hello”,20);
System。out。println(csBook1.getName()+:+Book。toSalePrice(csBook1));
System。out。println(childrenBook1.getName()+:+Book。toSalePrice(childrenBook1));
}
}
toSalePrice方法是比较容易change的地方,如果策略复杂用if判断比较乱,并且策略修改或增加时需改变原代码。
方案三:策略模式
code reuse时最好用合成(HAS-A)而不用(IS-A),更加灵活。
public abstract class Book……{
private double price;
private String name;
private DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;//折扣策略
public String getName()……{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)……{
this。name=name;
}
public double getPrice()……{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price)……{
this。price=price;
}
public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy()……{
return discountStrategy;
}