"The Government is monopolizing grain， to make us to pay through the nose for a poisonous bread."The Government， again， through a new conspiracy is about to blockade Paris， so as to starve it with greater ease. Utterances of this kind， at such a time， are firebrands thrown upon fear and hunger to kindle the flames of rage and cruelty. To this frightened and fasting crowd the agitators and newspaper writers continue to repeat that it must act， and act alongside of the authorities， and， if need be， against them. In other words， We will do as we please； we are the sole legitimate masters；"in a well-constituted government， the people as a body are the real sovereign： our delegates are appointed only to execute our orders ；what right has the clay to rebel against the potter？"On the strength of such principles， the tumultuous club which occupies the Palais-Royal substitutes itself for the Assembly at Versailles. Has it not all the titles for this office？ The Palais-Royal "saved the nation" on the 12th and 13th of July. The Palais-Royal， "through its spokesmen and pamphlets，" has made everybody and even the soldiers "philosophers." It is the house of patriotism， "the rendezvous of the select among the patriotic，" whether provincials or Parisians， of all who possess the right of suffrage， and who cannot or will not exercise it in their own district. "It saves time to come to the Palais-Royal. There is no need there of appealing to the President for the right to speak， or to wait one's time for a couple of hours. The orator proposes his motion， and， if it finds supporters， mounts a chair. If he is applauded， it is put into proper shape. If he is hissed， he goes away. This was the way of the Romans." Behold the veritable National Assembly ！ It is superior to the other semi-feudal affair， encumbered with "six hundred deputies of the clergy and nobility，" who are so many intruders and who "should be sent out into the galleries." -- Hence the pure Assembly rules the impure Assembly， and "the Café Foy lays claim to the government of France."IV.
Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. - Their pressure on the Assembly.
On the 30th of July， the harlequin who led the insurrection at Rouen having been arrested， "it is openly proposed at the Palais Royal[22]
to go in a body and demand his release." -- On the 1st of August， Thouret， whom the moderate party of the Assembly have just made President， is obliged to resign； the Palais-Royal threatens to send a band and murder him along with those who voted for him， and lists of proscriptions， in which several of the deputies are inscribed， begin to be circulated. -- From this time forth， on all great questions-the abolition of the feudal system， the suppression of tithes， a declaration of the rights of man， the dispute about the Chambers， the King's power of veto，[23] the pressure from without inclines the balance： in this way the Declaration of Rights， which is rejected in secret session by twenty-eight bureaus out of thirty， is forced through by the tribunes in a public sitting and passed by a majority. -- Just as before the 14th of July， and to a still greater extent， two kinds of compulsion influence the votes， and it is always the ruling faction which employs both its hands to throttle its opponents. On the one hand this faction takes post on the galleries in knots composed nearly always of the same persons， "five or six hundred permanent actors，" who yell according to understood signals and at the word of command.[24] Many of these are French Guards， in civilian clothes， and who relieve each other：
previously they have asked of their favorite deputy "at what hour they must come， whether all goes on well， and whether he is satisfied with those fools of parsons (calotins) and the aristocrats." Others consist of low women under the command of Théroigne de Méricourt， a virago courtesan， who assigns them their positions and gives them the signal for hooting or for applause.
Publicly and in full session， on the occasion of the debate on the veto， "the deputies are applauded or insulted by the galleries according as they utter the word 'suspensive，' or the word 'indefinite.' " "Threats，" (says one of them) "circulated； I heard them on all sides around me." These threats are repeated on going out： "Valets dismissed by their masters， deserters， and women in rags，" threaten the refractory with the lamp post， "and thrust their fists in their faces. In the hall itself， and much more accurately than before the 14th of July， their names are taken down， and the lists， handed over to the populace，" travel to the Palais-Royal， from where they are dispatched in correspondence and in newspapers to the provinces.[25] - Thus we see the second means of compulsion； each deputy is answerable for his vote， at Paris， with his own life， and， in the province， with those of his family.
Members of the former Third-Estate avow that they abandon the idea of two Chambers， because "they are not disposed to get their wives'