书城教材教辅用美国小学课本学英语
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第30章 History历史人文(7)

vt. 夸耀,挥舞;

vi. 繁荣,茂盛

sacrificed ["s?krifais] n. 牺牲,祭品;

vt. 牺牲;亏本出售;

vi. 献祭,奉献

Practice

Write yes if the sentence is true. Write no if the sentence is not true.

1.The early Christians celebrated the Mother’s festival on the fourth Sunday of Lent.

2.1872 is a landmark in the history of Mother’s Day.

3.The white incarnations represent sweetness, purity, and patience.

4.In the year 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the second Sunday in May as a national holiday in honor of mothers.

5.Turkey celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May.

译文

母亲节的历史可以追溯到几百年前的古希腊。当时,人们都会举行庆祝活动纪念Rhea(瑞亚)(古希腊的众神之母,她是主神宙斯和天后赫拉的母亲)。早期的基督徒在大斋节的第四个星期日庆祝母亲节来纪念圣Mary(基督的母亲)。有趣的是,宗教秩序的改革使得这一节日包括了全体的母亲,并将这一日命名为“母亲节”。后来,在美国定居的英国殖民者由于缺少时间就停止了这项传统。1872年,朱丽娅·伍德霍夫以致力于和平为目的要为母亲们设立一个节日。这是母亲节在历史上的里程碑。

1907年,一位费城教师,安娜·米·贾维斯(1864-1948),开始了一项在全国范围内纪念母亲的节日——安娜·米·贾维斯荣誉日。她征求了数以百计的立法者和商界翘楚一起来创立一个特殊的日子来纪念母亲。第一个母亲节庆祝会是在一个教堂为安娜母亲举办的。安娜在仪式上发放了她母亲最喜爱的白色花朵,这是甜蜜、纯洁、耐心的化身。安娜的努力终于在1914年得到了回报,时任总统伍德罗·威尔逊宣布将五月的第二个星期天作为母亲节。

渐渐地,母亲节变得非常流行,送礼活动日趋增加。所有这一切商业化的活动激怒了安娜,她认为这一天的情绪都因为贪婪和利益所玷污了。

尽管贾维斯对此很担忧,但母亲节已盛行于美国。事实上,这一天已成为一年当中最受欢迎的日子了。虽然安娜现在已不在我们身边了,但母亲节成立了并且已蔓延到世界各国。世界上的许多国家都在一年的不同时期庆祝着母亲节,如丹麦、芬兰、意大利、土耳其、澳大利亚和比利时等还是在五月的第二个周日庆祝母亲节。

练习

判断正误:

1.早期的基督徒在大斋节的第四个星期日节日庆祝母亲节。

2.1872年是母亲节在历史上的里程碑。

3.白色花朵是甜蜜、纯洁、耐心的化身。

4.1907年,总统伍德罗·威尔逊宣布将五月的第二个星期天作为母亲节。

5.土耳其在五月的第二个周日庆祝母亲节。

1.yes 2.yes 3.yes 4.no 5.yes

10 Story of Christmas Stockings 圣诞礼物为什么放在袜子里

Long long ago, there was a kindly nobleman whose wife had died of an illness leaving the nobleman and his three daughters in despair. After losing all his money in useless and bad inventions the family had to move into a peasant’s cottage, where the daughters did their own cooking, sewing and cleaning.

When it came time for the daughters to marry, the father became even more depressed as his daughters could not marry without dowries, money and property given to the new husband’s family.

One night after the daughters had washed out their clothing they hung their stockings over the fireplace to dry. That night Saint Nicholas, knowing the despair of the father, stopped by the nobleman’s house. Looking in the window Saint Nicholas saw that the family had gone to bed. He also noticed the daughters’ stockings. Inspiration struck Saint Nicholas and he took three small bags of gold from his pouch and threw them one by one down the chimney and they landed in the stockings.

The next morning when the daughters awoke they found their stockings contained enough gold for them to get married. The nobleman was able to see his three daughters marry and he lived a long and happy life.

Children all over the world continue the tradition of hanging Christmas stockings. In some countries children have similar customs, in France the children place their shoes by the fireplace, a tradition dating back to when children wore wooden peasant shoes.

Vocabulary 词汇

nobleman ["n?ublm?n] n. 贵族

dowry ["dau?ri] n. 嫁妆,天资

inspiration ["insp?"rei??n] n. 灵感,鼓舞,吸气,妙计

pouch [paut?] n. 小袋,育儿袋,烟草袋;

vi. 成袋状;

vt. 把……装入袋中

peasant ["pez?nt] n. 农民,乡下人

Practice

Where are your Christmas stockings? Talk about your Christmas Eve with classmates.

译文

很久很久以前,有一个心地善良的贵族,他的妻子因病去世,抛下他和他的三个女儿。这个贵族尝试了不少发明,都失败了,也因此耗尽了钱财,所以他们不得不搬到一家农舍里生活,他的女儿们也只得亲自烧煮、缝纫和打扫。

一晃几年过去,女儿们陆续到了出嫁的年龄,父亲却变得更加沮丧,因为他没钱给女儿们买嫁妆。

一天晚上,女儿们洗完衣服后将长统袜挂在壁炉前烘干。圣人Nicholas知道了她们父亲的境况后,就在那天晚上,来到她们的家门前。他从窗口看到一家人都已睡着了,同时也注意到了女孩们的长统袜。随即,他从口袋里掏出三小包黄金从烟囱上一个个投下去,刚好掉在女孩们的长统袜里。

第二天早上,女儿们醒来发现她们的长统袜里装满了金子,足够她们买嫁妆了。这个贵族也因此能亲眼看到他的女儿们结婚,从此过上了幸福快乐的生活。

后来,世界各地的孩子们都继承了悬挂圣诞袜的传统。有些国家的孩子则有其他类似的风俗,如在法国,孩子们将鞋子放在壁炉旁,这一传统可以追溯到穿木制农鞋的时代。

练习

你的圣诞袜放在哪里?谈谈你们的圣诞夜。