3 )remarry 是个动词, 它的意思为“ 再婚”。“ re-”是一个前缀, 多表示“再、重复、重新”之义。例如: reprint 重印、再版；rebuild 重建、再建；restart 重新开始；reconsider 重新考虑；rearm 重新武装；rebroadcast 重播, 再播；reproduce 再生产；rebirth 再生, 新生等。
11. As social scientists study these two new family forms, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 随着社会学家们对这两种家庭类型的研究不断深入, 他们将会告诉我们更多的有关后工业化时代里核心家庭的未来。
1 )study 这里用作动词, 它的含义为“ 研究、细查”。
This question should be carefully studied. 这个问题必须仔细研究。
He ha s not studied into the subject enough to really understand it.
他对这个问题钻研不够, 尚未真正理解。
2 )post-industrial 用作形容词, 它的意思为“ 后工业时代的”。
“ post-”是一个前缀, 含义为“后..”。
例如: postwar 战后的；postface 刊后语；postpone 推后, 延期；
postgraduate 大学毕业后的, 研究生；postdate 推迟..的日期；
postmeridian 午后的等。
Te xt B
The Changing Amer ican Family
变化中的美国家庭
Study of the Text
1.The family is important to people all over the world although the structure of the family is quite different from one country to another. 尽管各国的家庭结构各不相同, 但家庭对全世界人民来说都很重要。
1 )all over the world 意思为“ 遍及全世界的”, 介词“ over”在这里的含义为:“ 遍及..的各部分”,“ 在..的各部分”。
He is famous all over the world. 他闻名全世界。
He has travelled all over Europe. 他遍游了欧洲。
Snow is falling a ll over the country. 整个国家都在下雪。
2 )be different from 与..不同, 与..有差异。
Each individual is different from every other individual. 人各有异。
Things are very different from what they used to be.
情况与昔日大不相同了。
3 )辨异: country, nation, state
它们都有“国家”之意, 但含义的侧重点不相同。
country 指地域意义的国家, 有国土的含义, 一般指国家均可用它表示。
He has visited many African countries. 他访问了许多非洲国家。
nation 指一个主权国家的国民, 或者说长期由独立的政府统一管理的人群。
他们虽然并不一定来自同一民族, 但他们有共同的法律、社会机构、归属和习惯。所以可译为“ 国家”。
Each nation has a flag of its own. 每个国家都有其国旗。
state 指政治意义上的国家, 即政权、政府, 它可以诞生, 也可以灭亡。
When the sta te fell to pieces, the nation held together.
当国家(政权)分崩离析时, 全国人民仍团结一致。
2.If the wife worked for pay, then the husband was not considered to be a good provider. 如果妻子去工作挣钱, 那么其丈夫就会被看做是一个养不起家的人。
1 )介词“for”用于动词后常表示目的、目标、志向等。
He was educated for the law. 他受教育准备从事法律工作。
He felt that he was destined for something great.
他觉得他注定要干大事。
2 )consider 用作动词, 这里是“ 认为, 以为”之义。
They considered themselves very important. 他们自以为非常重要。
He will be considered a weak leader.
他会被认为是一个能力不足的领导。
3 )provider 是一个名词, 表示人, 意为“ 供应者, 扶养者, 筹备者”。
它是在动词provide 后加上后缀“ -er”而成。“ er”是一个名词
后缀, 常加在某一行为动词后构成“ 从事.. 的人”。例如:
singer 歌唱家；leader 领袖；dancer 跳舞者；fighter 战士；teacher 教师；worker 工人；farmer 农民；writer 作者；reader 读者；turner 车工。
4 )辨异: pay, payment n.
这两个单词都与“酬劳”有关。
pay 用作名词时主要指“ 工资、薪饷、报酬”, 军队人员的薪饷多用“pay”而不用“wages”或“salary”。
I get my pa y every Friday. 我在每星期五领薪水。
The young man has got an increase in pay.
这个年轻人获得了加薪。
payment 主要指对款项的“ 支付”,“ 支付款”, 也指“ 报赏, 报应”。
The company required that payment be made on time.
该公司要求按时付款。
He was not willing to take goods in pa yment for his services.
他不愿接受实物作为他干活的报酬。
This is only a partial payment on the new car.
这只是这辆新车的一部分付款。
3.In addition, the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. 另外, 传统的丈夫通常对花钱做出重大决定。
1 )in addition (to)一个介词, 也可称为复杂介词, 其含义为“ 加之, 又, 除..之外, 并且”等。
I paid 200 yua n in addition. 我又付了二百元。
He earns 1 000 yua n in addition to his salary.
他除了薪水外还赚了一千元。
2 )make decisions 的含义为“ 作决定, 下决心”, 一般也用单数形式: make a decision, 它的同义表达还有: reach a decision, come to a decision, arrive at a decision, take a decision, 后面多跟介词“ about”,“ on”表示对象。
They have made a decision about(或on)this case.
他们已对这个案件作出了判决。
Have they taken a decision yet？他是否已作出了决定？
4.However, after she became pregnant, she would usually give up her job. 但是, 妇女怀孕以后, 通常都放弃工作。
1 )however 在这里用作连词, 引导一个让步状语从句, 意思为“ 尽管, 但是, 然而, 依然”。
He was ill. However, he decided to go.
他生病了, 但是, 他还是决定要去。
He was mistaken, however. 可是他错了。
however 也可用作副词, 意为“ 无论如何”。
However hard he may try, he can not do it in a week.
无论他如何拼命工作, 也无法在一星期内做好这事。
2 )pregnant 是一个形容词, 意为“ 怀孕的, 孕育着的, 充满的”。
She is pregnant with her first child. 她怀上了第一胎。
She is 5 months pregnant. 她怀孕5 个月了。
pregnancy 是它的名词形式, 意为“ 怀孕”。
In the third year of her marriage a second pregna ncy took place.
在她结婚的第三年, 她怀了第2 胎。
3 )give up 放弃, 中止, 投降
My father gave up smoking. 我父亲戒烟了。
I can’t answer that puzzle, I give up. 我猜不出那个谜, 我放弃。
5.On the other hand, the modern wife does not have to because the family has two incomes. 而现代的妻子却不需如此, 因为他们的家庭有两份收入。
1 )does not have to 后省略了live within her husband’s income (按丈夫的收入量入而出), because 在这里引导一个原因状语从句。
2 )on the other hand“ (从)另一方面(来说)”, 它常与on (the)one hand (一方面)连用: on (the )one hand ., on the other (hand).。其意思是:“ 一方面.., 另一方面..”。
He was praised by his teacher on the one hand, but blamed by his friends on the other (ha nd).
他一方面受到老师的表扬, 另一方面也受到朋友们的责难。
3 )辨异: must, have to 二者作情态动词, 都有“ 必须”的含义。must 主要表示主观上必须做某事。表达“命令, 义务, 必要”。它没有人称、数的变化, 也没有现在分词、过去分词。
You must tell your reason. 你必须说出你的理由。
“Must I do it?”“Yes, you must. ”
“我必须做它吗？”“ 是的, 你必须做。”
must 也可表示推测, 意为“ 一定是.., 无疑是..”。
It must be true. 它一定是真实的。
He must have arrived there. 他一定已到那儿了。
have to 主要强调因客观条件的限制而“ 必须, 不得不”。它有人称、数和时态的变化。它的否定形式可用don’t have to 或haven’t to, 疑问形式为Do you have to.？或Have you to.。It’s very later.I have to go now. 很晚了, 我必须走了。