The children don’t ha ve to go to school on Sundays, do they？
孩子们星期天不需上学, 是吗？
6.However, today preschool children may go to a child care center or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works. 然而, 今天的学龄前儿童可能经常到幼儿托管中心或临时代人看孩子处, 因为母亲要上班。
1 )child care center 是一个名词性短语, 其中child care 是一个名词性定语修饰center , 意思是“ 孩子托管”、“ 孩子看护”。英语中的名词可以直接用作定语修饰另一名词, 既不需要加形容词词尾, 也不需要任何格的变化。例如: danger zone 危险区；drug addict 嗜毒者；ejector seat 弹射座椅；spark plug 火花塞；efficiency expert 研究提高效率的专家等。
2 )preschool 用作形容词, 它的意思是“ 学龄前的, 入学前的”。
“pre-”是一个前缀, 它的含义为“ 前”,“ 预先”。例如: prewar 战前的；precondition 前提；prehuman 人类以前的；predawn 黎明前的；prehistory 史前期；premade 预先做的；prechoose 预先选择；precool 预先冷却；prepay 预付；preheat 预热；prejudge 预先判断等。
3 )baby-sitter 是一个复合名词, 意思是“ 代人照看婴儿者”。它是“名词+ 名词”型复合名词, 类似的表达如: kingmaker 候选人手下的竞选工作人员；laserbomb 激光炸弹；spaceship 宇宙飞船；workshop 车间等。由baby-sitter 产生动词baby-sit 代人照看婴儿, 名词baby-sitting 代人照看婴儿。
7.Their mother is busy getting ready for work, so they may even have to make their own breakfast. 母亲忙于准备上班, 因此, 有的孩子甚至得自己做早饭。
1 )be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
He is busy doing his homework. 他忙于做他的家庭作业。
He was busy getting ready for his journey. 他正忙于准备旅行。
2 )get ready for 的含义为“ 准备妥当, 准备就绪”, 也可用be ready for, “ for”后接名词, 表对象。
Let’s get ready for work now. 现在我们准备工作吧。
Are you ready for the trip？你已经准备好旅行了吗？
3 )make breakfast 意为“ 做早餐”。这里make 是“ 烧, 做, 准备”的意思。如: make dinner 做饭；make bread 做面包。
She made coffee for all of us. 她为我们大家煮咖啡。
I made myself a cup of tea. 我为自己泡了一杯茶。
练习答案
课文A 练习
I. 阅读理解:
1. b. 2. b 3. d 4. b 5. c
II. 从课文中找出下列单词的反义词:
1. divorce 2. single 3. extended 4. together 5. traditional 6. increase 7. result 8. love 9. earn 10. often III. 用下面所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. basically 2. Traditionally 3. extended 4. divorced 5. related 6. relative 7. industrial 8. industrialized9. nuclear 10. nucleus IV. 把下列句子译成英语:
1. There are many single parent families and remarried families in the United States.
2. Undoubtedly, the extended family is related by blood and marriage.
3. The nuclear family in China usually consists of father, mother and their only child.
4. A family means a sense of belonging for both the young and the old.
5. Most people are unwilling to live with their parents when they grow up.
词汇练习
I. 用所给单词的正确形式填空, 注意词性:
1. a. relative b. relation c. relate 2. a. extension b. extensive c. extended 3. a. tradition b. Traditionally c. traditional 4. a. industrialized b. industrial c. industry II. 用下面所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. relatives 2. extend 3. marriage 4. descended 5. nucleus 6. traditional 7. social 8. definition 9. security 10. basically III. 把下列句子译成英语:
1. In today’s families, both the father and the mother earn money for the family.
2. She is a teacher, while her brother is an engineer.
3. Traditionally, Chinese young people live with their parents until they grow up and marry.
4. All the teachers care for my progress in my study.
5. In some families, both parents work and take care of the house and children.
6. This group was split into two because it was too large.
7. They plan to extend their research in this field.
8. She divorced her husband two years ago.
课文B 练习
I. 根据课文判断下列句子正确与否:
1.× 2.× 3. √ 4.× 5. √ 6.× 7. √ 8. √ 9.× 10. √
II. 根据课文填上所缺的内容:
1. equal 2. physical and emotional
3. nuclear 4. worked outside the home
5. the housework, preparation 6. her first years of marriage
7. busier 8. the family has two incomes
9. child care center, baby sitter10. get ready for school, make their breakfast
词汇练习
I. 选择填空:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
II. 用课文B 中的单词填空, 首字母已给出:
1. dependent 2. primary 3. structured 4. similarities 5. role 6. partners 7. common 语法练习
I. 根据限定时态, 用括号里所给动词的被动语态填空:
1. are being printed 2. are guaranteed 3. will be pulled 4. was developed 5. will be built 6. was praised ·108·
7. has been translated 8. had been sent 9. would be given 10. is being done II. 用被动语态改写下列句子, 省去划线的部分:
1. All the books are kept in good order in the library.
2. The income tax was graduated from 14 to 70 percent in the 1960’s.
3. Sometimes we can be persuaded to buy things that are not necessary.
4. What should be done in a case like this？
5. It has been announced that they will invite only three of us to the party.
6. The meeting will be put off till next Monday.
7. You are not allowed to smoke in the laboratory.
8. The problem must be dealt with without any delay.
9. He was given a warm welcome at the railway station.
10. Your baby will be looked after at the day-care center.
III. 用下列各句括号中所给动词的正确形式填空:
1. is spoken 2. can not be kept 3. was turned off 4. were believed 5. should not be eaten 6. were let out 7. were taken care of 8. can be remembered 9. would be becalmed 10. are lighted up IV. 用被动结构将下列句子译成英语:
1. Was the United Nations founded in 1945？
2. It is said that he was seriously injured.
3. The building will be designed by Dr. Ford.
4. Where was the last meeting held ？
5. Was America discovered by Columbus in 1492？
6. The task must be done by you.
7. The patient should be treated carefully.
8. She was given a warm welcome at the railway station.
9. He is called Lao Wang, though he is not old at all.
10. When I got home, the gate had been closed.