Te xt A
Hear t Disease: Tr eat or Pr event？
心脏病: 治疗还是预防？
Study of the Text
1.The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. 在过去的30 年中, 该病的死亡率
以惊人的速度上升。
1 )介词from 在这里表示推理, 推论或陈述的根据。
It appears from the inspectors’ report that the repairs will be rather costly. 从检查员的报告看来, 修理费用将相当昂贵。
From what I know of him, I do not think he is a suitable person for the position. 就我所知道的他的情况来说, 我认为他不是这一职位的合适人选。
2 )at speed 以高速度
He often travels a t speed. 他常高速行驶。
It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。
2.Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money on
the surgical treatment of the disease. 西方卫生保健系统在该病手术治疗上耗资巨大。
1 )health-care 是由名词+ 名词构成的一个合成词, 意思是“ 卫生保健”。又如: silkworm 蚕；bloodtest 验血。
2 )spend.on.把..花在什么或何人身上
He spends a lot of money on entertaining friends.
他在招待朋友上头要花许多钱。
Each person spends about a hundred yuan a month on food.
每个人一个月伙食上大约要花100 元钱。
3 )辨异: spend, consume, vt.
这组词均可表示“耗费”的意思。
spend 花费, 耗费。一般用语。指为某种目的而花费金钱, 时间或精力。
常见用法: spend sth on sth；spend sth (in)doing sth；spend sth.
for sth.
He spent a week going over the whole book.
他用了一周的时间把全书通读了一遍。
All her wages had been spent for medicine.
他的全部工资那时都买药花掉了。
consume 用掉, 耗费。指不恰当或没有节制地浪费人力、财物或时间。
常见用法: consume sth. in doing sth；be consumed with sth.
She consumed all her energies. 她耗尽了所有的精力。
He is consumed with age. 他因年老而变得衰弱。
3.This emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.
很显然, 这种以治疗为主的做法是和近10 ～15 年的科技进步分不开的。
1 )emphasis on sth. 强调某事
Some schools put special empha sis on language study.
有些学校特别注重语言的学习。
Both speakers placed empha sis on industry’s need for more highly
qualified scientists. 两个发言人都强调工业需要有更高水平的科学家。
2 )be associated with 与.发生联系, 与..有关联
His habit is a ssocia ted with his former life.
他的习惯与他过去的生活有关。
He didn’t want to be associa ted with the accident.
他不想被牵连到这个事故中去。
3 )advance 在这里是个名词, 意思是“ 进步, 前进”。
With the a dva nce of old age, he could no longer do the work well.
因为年事已高, 他已不能再把工作做很好了。
The country’s industrial a dva nce has been remarkable.
该国的工业发展是很惊人的。
4 )take place 发生
In 1919 , the May 4th Movement took pla ce in China.
1919 年, 中国发生了五四运动。
The story took pla ce in Hainan. 故事发生在海南岛。
4.Although there is no doubt that a large number of people benefit from heart surgery, critics of our health- care systems point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three dear disadvantages. 毫无疑问, 许多人受益于心脏外科手术, 但是卫生保健系统的评论家们指出了以治疗为主的三个弊病。
1 )although 是个从属连词, 引导让步状语从句, 注意它不能与but 同时在一句里存在。
We’ll try to finish the work in time although we are short of manpower.
虽然我们缺乏人力, 但是我们还是要没法按时完成这项工作。
Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。
2 )there is no doubt 毫无疑问, 这是there 存在句结构, 该存在句中真正主语的名词(或名词词组)通常泛指。
There is no bus now. 现在没有公共汽车。
There is no money in the box. 盒子里没有钱。
3 )benefit from sth. 从某物获得利益
Did you benefit much from your holiday？你从假期中受益很大吗？
You will benefit from the book. 该书将有益于你。
5.To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. 为此, 不仅仅是使
用该设备的病人, 而是所有病人的医疗费都提高了。
1 )to do this 是不定式结构在句中作目的状语。
To do a good job, we must have the right tools.
要干好活工具要对头。
We must do everything we can to help him.
我们要尽一切力量帮助他们。
2 )raise 在这里是个及物动词, 意思是“ 提高, 增加”。
This company decided to ra ise the bus fare by 10 yuan.
这家公共汽车公司决定车费涨价10 元。
These machines have been devised to ra ise efficiency.
设计这些机器是为了提高效率。
6.The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is not at all necessary-because the equipment and surgical expertise is available.
第三个弊病是, 医院鼓励医生对病人进行外科手术--甚至是根本不需要动该手术的患者。因为设备和外科专家鉴定唾手可得。
1 )perform surgery on.为..进行手术, 其中的介词on 在这里表示物体或身体的一部分是行为的接受者。
The stone hit him on the head. 那块石头打在他的头上。
The passer -by touched me on the shoulder.
那个过路人碰着我的肩膀。
2 )at all 根本(不)；最小程度
Have you often been to Paris？-I have not been there a t a ll.
“你常去巴黎吗？”--“ 我根本没到过那儿。”
He is not a t a ll suitable for the post. 他完全不适合这一职位。
3 )available 是个形容词, 在这里意思是“ 可获得的”。
The book you ordered is not a va ila ble. 你订购的那本书没有货。
The benefit is a va ila ble to the public. 这一益处是公众可得到的。
7.In the recent past.by paying more attention to these factors. 前一段时间, 医学研究者就强调说, 心脏病和压力、吸烟、缺乏锻炼有关, 如果我们在这些因素上多花点精力, 我们将会降低得此病的可能。
1 )lack of 缺乏, 不足
The plants died for la ck of water. 那些植物因缺水而枯死了。
He often complains for la ck of money. 他时常为缺钱用而抱怨。
2 )pay attention to 注意
Pa y a ttention to the well-being of the masses. 要关心群众的生活。
To this she didn’t pa y the slightest attention. 对此她毫不在意。
8.As a result of this new awareness, attitudes toward health are changing.
这种新的认识使得他们对健康的态度也正发生变化。
1 )as a result of 作为..的结果
Two people have already died a s a result of the accident, and the lives of several others are in danger.
发生意外事故的结果是两人丧生, 其他几个生命垂危。
He refused to have medical attention in the early stages of his complaint, and a s a result of this he became seriously ill. 他生病的最初阶段拒绝治疗, 结果病重了。
2 )attitudes toward (to)对..的态度
What is your a ttitude towa rds this question？
你对这个问题的态度如何？
You should have a correct a ttitude towards criticism from the masses.
你对群众的批评应持正确态度。
9.In the past, people tended to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be relied on how exactly what to do when they became ill. 过去, 人们认为对健康而言, 有一位好医生就足够了, 因为一位可信赖的医生在他们生病的时候知道该怎么办。
1 )be sufficient for 对..足够的, 充分的
Is ￡10 sufficient for the expenses of your journey？
十英镑够你在路上花吗？
Is there sufficient food for ten people？有够十个人吃的食物吗？
2 )rely on (upon)依靠；期待
We must rely on our own efforts. 我们必须靠自己的努力。
We know such people are not to be relied upon.
我们知道这种人是靠不住的。
3 )become ill 生病。become 在这里是个连系动词, 意思是“ 变得”。
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们国家日益强大。
They became dizzy with success. 他们被胜利冲昏了头脑。
10. They are learning that they must take more responsibility for their own health. 他们懂得, 人应该对自己的健康负责。
1 )learn 在这里是个及物动词, 意思是“懂得, 了解到”。
What would he think if he lea rned the truth？
他要是知道了真实情况, 会怎么想呢？
Gradually he lea rned the habits of these insects.
他逐步了解了这些昆虫的习惯。
2 )take (the)responsibility for 对..负责
Who will take the responsibility for breaking this window？
谁对打破这个窗户负责？
Parents should take responsibility for their children’s safety.
父母应对他们孩子的安全负责。