11. The number of smokers in the United States is now far below the level of twenty years ago as many people succeed in breaking the habit and as fewer people take it up. 美国的吸烟人数已大大少于20 年前, 因为很多人戒烟, 而少数人学吸烟。
1 )far 在这里是个副词, 与介词或副词连用, 表示很远。又如: far into the night 至深夜；far back in history 很久以前。
2 )as 在这里是个连词, 引导原因状语从句。
As there was no answer, I wrote again.
由于没有回音, 我又写了封信。
As he was in a hurry, he left this bag at home.
由于他匆匆忙忙, 他把包掉在了家里。
3 )take up 开始(某项活动或爱好)
He ha s ta ken up photography as a hobby. 他有了摄影这个爱好。
For a long time he had wanted to ta ke up writing.
很久以来, 他一直想从事写作。
Te xt B
Dieting Your Way to Health
合理节食走向健康
Study of the text
1.All, regardless of sex and age, have something in common-losing weight and losing it fast.
不论性别和年龄, 其节食存在共性--减肥或快速减肥。
1 )regardless of 不顾, 不论
He tricked in the exam regardless of the consequences.
他在考试中作弊而不计后果。
She went shopping rega rdless of expense. 她不考虑费用地购物。
2 )in common 共同的, 共有的
They have nothing in common with one another.
他们彼此毫无共同之点。
The twin brothers have much in common.
这对孪生兄弟有很多相似之处。
2.It does this by slowing down metabolism, the process by which the food we eat is converted into energy. 它通过减慢新陈代谢来节省能量, 新陈代谢就是把吃的食物转化成能量的过程。
1 )slow down 慢下来, 使慢下来, 使减速
Slow down before you reach the crossroads.
到达十字路口前你要减速。
All this conversation slows down the action of the play.
所有这些对话使剧情缓慢。
2 )convert into 使..转变为..
He conver ted all his securities into cash.
他将所有的证券换成了现款。
He conver ted club funds into his own use.
他挪用了俱乐部的基金。
3 )the process by which.其中的介词by 是该定语从句中的介词前置于关系代词前的一种用法, 此时的关系代词不能用that。
The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.
他干活用的那个工具叫做扳手。
This is the question a bout which we’ve had so much discussion.
这就是我们讨论得那么多的问题。
3.They soon lose interest in everything going on about them, and their resistance to illness becomes so low that they are easily attacked by one illness after another.于是他们对周围一切都失去了兴趣, 对疾病的抵抗力也越来越弱, 以至于接二连三地生病。
1 )resistance to 对..的抵抗, 对..的抵抗力
They made no much resista nce to the enemy’s advance. 他们对于敌人的前进未作多少抵抗。
The drug has resista nce to cold. 这药对感冒有抵抗力。
2 )one thing after another 一连串事件
One laugh a fter a nother , we all had a good time.
一个接一个的笑语, 我们过得快活极了。
She was destroyed completely by one a tta ck after another.
她被一个接一个的打击给完全搞垮了。
4.They begin to have difficulty sleeping properly and start to suffer from radical mood changes. 他们开始失眠, 并且情绪极不稳定。
1 )suffer from 受..之苦
Perhaps you suffer from overwork. 或许你是工作过度了。
He suffered most from lack of rest. 他最吃亏的是休息太少。
2 )辨异: start, begin v.
这组词均可表示“ 开始”的意思。很多时候可以互换, 但start
更强调开一个头, 而begin 则暗示开始为了一个目标的过程。
The ice bega n to melt. 雪开始融化了。
They bega n eating without waiting for the others.
他们没等其他人便开始吃饭。
The rock sta rted to slide down the hill. 大石开始往山下滑。
5.It is strange enough that most strict diets recommend artificial sweeteners to take the place of sugar and other natural sweeteners. 奇怪的是, 太严格的节食提倡人造甜食来代替糖和其他天然甜食。
1 )enough 在这里是个副词, 表示程度, 置于形容词、副词或过去分词之后。
Are you warm enough？你觉得够暖和吗？
You know well enough what I mean. 你很懂得我的意思。
2 )recommend 是个及物动词, 在这里的意思是“ 建议”。接宾语从句时, 从句需用虚拟语气。
I should recommend you to be more careful. 我建议你慎重一些。
The doctor recommended that I should stay a few more days in hospital.
大夫建议我在医院再待几天。
3 )take the place of 代替
His sense of touch gradually took the pla ce of sight.
他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。
In September Lao Yang fell ill and Lao Zhang took his place.
九月份老杨病了, 老张接替了他的工作。
6.Proper dieting can not only help a person lose ugly excess fat, but can also help him or her to keep it off and to lead a more active, happier and healthier life. 适当地控制饮食不仅有助于消除臃肿难看的多余脂肪, 还让人免受肥胖的烦恼, 拥有更为积极、更为快乐、更为健康的生活方式。
1 )not only.but (also)不但..而且
We should not only be bold, but a lso be cautious.
我们不仅要大胆, 而且要谨慎。
Not only was the coat soft, but it was a lso warm.
这件大衣不仅很柔软, 而且很暖和。
2 )keep off sth. 制止；抑制
Do please keep off drugs. 千万请不要服用麻醉剂。
You must try to keep off strong spirits. 你要想法别喝烈酒。
7.Well, simply expressed.it needs to function properly.
简单地说, 它就是均衡, 换言之, 就是有足够但不过多的提供维持身体机能所必须的营养物的食物。
1 )simply expressed 是过去分词, 在句中用作状语。
Ta ken in time, the medicine will be quite effective.
如果吃得及时, 这药是很有效的。
Delighted, the girls thought up many good ideas.
一高兴, 姑娘们想出了许多的主意。
2 )provide with 提供, 供给
We’ll provide you with every facility.
我们将给你们提供一切方便。
They a re provided with free living quarters. 他们有免费住房。
3 )function 在这里是个不及物动词, 意思是“ 起作用”。
The telephone was not functioning. 电话坏了。
Some English adverbs function as adjectives.
英语的某些副词有形容词的作用。
8.On the other hand, the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins A, D, E and K stay in the body for long periods of time and so there is no need to take foods containing them so often. 另一方面, 脂溶维生素, 如维生素A、维生素D、维生素K 留在体内的时间很长, 不必经常食用含此类维生素的食物。
1 )on the other hand 另一方面。用于对比。
In this country food is cheaper than in Britain；clothing on the other ha nd, is dearer.
这个国家的食品比英国便宜, 但在另一方面, 衣着比英国贵。
On the one hand the government say they wish to reduce the cost of living, and on the other (ha nd)they increase the duties on a number of essential articles. 政府一方面说要降低生活费, 另一方面又提高许多生活必需品的税收。
2 )fat-soluble 是由名词+ 形容词构成的合成形容词, 意思是“ 溶脂的”。又如: duty-free 免税的；airsick 晕飞机的。
3 )there is no need 不必
There is no need for you to start yet. 你现在还不必动身。
There is no much need for anxiety. 不必太焦虑。