Te xt A
Panic and Its Effects
恐慌及其后果
Study of the Text
1.Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack, Anne
screamed for help. 想到怕是得了心脏病, 安妮吓得大声求救。
1 )Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack 是过去分词短语, 在句中充当状语, 表原因。that she was having a
heart attack 是同位语从句, 与thought 同位。
2 )过去分词短语作状语常表时间。
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old.
这座桥是1192 年修的, 已经有八百多年的历史了。
Heated, the metal expands. 这种金属加热后即会膨胀。
3 )have 在这里是个及物动词, 意思是“ 遭受；患(病)”。
His child often ha s colds in autumn. 她的孩子秋天经常感冒。
Have you ever ha d measles？你患过麻疹吗？
4 )辨异: scream, cry, shout, v.
这三个词都有“喊, 叫”的意思。
scream 叫喊。指尖声的叫喊, 通常由于害怕, 痛苦而突然发出刺耳的叫喊。
She screamed when she saw a snake in the house.
当她看到屋里有条蛇时, 她尖声叫了起来。
cry 叫。指大声地叫喊, 大多是因为悲伤或苦恼的缘故。有时也可指因兴奋、激动、高兴而大声地喊叫。
He cried with pain. 他痛苦地叫喊着。
We cried at his returning. 我们为他的归来而高声喊叫。
shout 叫喊。指表示欢乐、惊喜, 赞扬或愤怒时所发出的叫喊。
I wish you’d stop shouting at the children.
我希望你不要向孩子们大声叫喊。
He shouted himself hoarse. 他叫得嗓子都哑了。
2.Moreover, studies conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States disclose that approximately 1. 2 million adult individuals are currently suffering from severe and recurrent panic attack. 另外, 美国心理健康协会的研究表明, 将近有120 万人最近正遭受严重的、复发的恐慌症之苦。
1 )这是一个较长的复合句。主句的主语是studies, 谓语动词是disclose, 其后带有由that 引导的宾语从句, 过去分词短语conducted by.in the United States 作定语, 修饰主语studies.
2 )study 在这里是个名词, 意思是“ 研究”, 可用复数形式。
He spends much time making a study of our country ’s foreign trade.
他花了大量的时间研究我国的对外贸易。
My studies show that his theory is right.
我的研究表明这个理论是正确的。
3 )conduct 在这里的意思是“ 管理, 主持”。
The president will conduct this important meeting.
校长将主持这个重要的会议。
Who is conducting the orchestra this evening？
今晚由谁指挥管弦乐队？
4 )suffer from 受损失；患病
She suffers from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
Our business ha s suffered from lack of investment.
我们生意缺少投资而受损。
5 )attack 在这里是个名词, 意思是指“ (疾病等之)发作, 侵袭”。
He had a liver a tta ck last night. 昨晚, 他肝病突发。
3.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack. 恐慌症与心脏病有极为相似的症状, 以至于许多患者认为自己有心脏病。
1 )such. that 如此..以至于
We left in such a hurry tha t we forgot to take money.
我们走得如此匆忙以至于忘了带钱。
She told such a funny joke tha t all of us couldn’t help laughing.
她讲了一个如此有趣的笑话以至于我们大家都忍不住大笑。
2 )bear 在这里是个及物动词, 意思是“具有, 拥有”。
Here is the document that bea rs your signature.
这就是有你签名的文件。
Beijing University bea rs a great fame.
北京大学具有很了不起的名气。
3 )名词similarity 的意思是“ 相似, 类似”。其后常接介词to 和between。
What strikes me about his poetry is its simila rity to Wordsworth’s.
给我留下的印象是他的诗与华兹华斯的诗相似。
How much similar ity is there between the two religions？
这两种宗教之间有多少相似之处？
similar 在这里的意思是“ 类似的, 相似的”。
be similar to 与..相似, 与..类似
Gold is similar in color to brass. 金和黄铜的颜色相似。
This story is simila r to his experience. 这个故事和他的经历相似。
4 )those 在这里代替上文的the symptoms, 以避免重复。
These computers are much more advanced than those made in 1980 ’s. 这些计算机比80 年代制造的计算机要先进得多。
5 )辨异: similar, same, adj.
similar 相似的。指类似的或属于同一种类的。在大多数方面相像, 类似, 但在细节、细微处不同。
The birds are simila r in appearance, But the male is more brightly
colored. 这些鸟在外表上相像, 但雄鸟颜色更鲜艳些。
same 相同的, 无变化的。指完全相同的, 没有区别的。
We are all going the same way. 我们将走同一条路。
My father sits in the same chair watching TV every evening.
我父亲每天晚上坐在同一把椅子上看电视。
4.They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where people normally would not be afraid. 在常人不会感到害怕的情景中, 他们感到恐惧和不安。
1 )关联词where 引导定语从句, 修饰先行词situations。当先行词是由有地点的含义的抽象名词充当, 引导定语从句的关联词要用关系副词where。
He has reached the point where a cha nge is needed.
他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。
(where 的先行词point 在此是抽象名词)
There are cases where the word“mighty”is used a s a n a dverb.
在一些情况下, mighty 一词可用作副词。(where 的先行词cases 也是抽象名词)
2 )uneasy 在这里的意思是“ 心神不安的, 焦虑的”, 是个形容词。
表示否定意义的前缀, un-加在形容词前使之成为意义相反的形容词。类似的有: fair →unfair 不公平的；fit → unfit 不合适的；forgetable → unforgetable 不能忘记的。
easy 在这里的意思是“ 舒适的, 轻松的, 安心的”。
They talked in an easy way. 他们以一种轻松的方式交谈。
3 )would 在这里是情态动词, 表示可能。
You wouldn’t know it. 你不会知道。
That’s what most men would say. 大多数人都会说这种话的。
5.Many claim that psychological stress could be a logical cause, but as yet, no evidence has been found to support this theory. 许多人认为心理压力可能是一个逻辑上的原因, 但到目前为止尚无证据来证实。
1 )Many 在这里是个代词, 意思是“ 许多人”。
Two enemy planes were destroyed and ma ny damaged.
敌机两架被击毁, 多架被击伤。
2 )claim 在这里意见是“ 宣布, 陈述”, 是个动词, 后跟动词不定式形式或that clause。
They claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.
他们宣称已找到了治愈这种疾病的方法。
3 )cause 在这里的意思是“ 原因, 缘由”, 是个名词。
The cause of the fire was carelessness. 起火的原因是不谨慎。
We can’t get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.
我们不能消灭战争, 除非我们先消灭战争的起因。
4 )as yet 到现在(那时)为止= up to now/ then As yet we had not made any plans for the holidays.
到那时为止, 我们还没有计划如何度假。
The scheme has worked well a s yet.
到目前为止, 那项计划进行顺利。
6.However , studies show that more women than men experience panic attacks and people who drink a lot as well as those who use drugs are more likely to suffer attacks. 不过, 研究表明, 患此病者女性比男性多, 酗酒和吸毒的人更易患此病。
1 )that 引导的宾语从句包含由and 连接的两个并列分句。“who drink a lot”是定语从句, 修饰的先行词是people,“ who use drugs”是另一定语从句, 修饰的先行词是those, 指代those people。
2 )形容词/ 副词的比较级+ than 这一句型常构成比较方式状语从句。
I can walk faster tha n you can run. 我走得比你跑还要快。
This film is much more interesting than that one.
这部电影比那部电影有趣得多。
在此句中, more 是many 的比较级形式, 其后接上可数名词的复数形式, 表示女性比男性多。类似的还可以说:
I have more knowledge than money.
我拥有的知识多于我拥有的金钱。
There are more boys than girls on the playground.
操场上男孩子比女孩子多。
3 )as well (as)同, 也, 除..外, 相当于in addition (to)。
I can speak Japanese as well a s English.
我除了会说英语外, 还会说日语。
也可以说:
I can speak English and Japanese as well.
我会说英语, 也会说日语。
4 )drug 在这里的意思是“ 毒品”, 是个名词。
Heroin and cocaine are dangerous drugs.
海洛因和可卡因是危险的毒品。
Is he on drugs？他吸毒吗？
5 )be likely to do sth.“ 很有可能做.., 有希望做..”。表示某一行为、动作发生的可能性很大。
People a re likely to get excited when watching the football match.
人们在观看足球赛时容易变得很激动。
It is likely to ra in today. 今天很有可能要下雨。
7.All the same, it can unnecessarily disrupt a person’s life by making him or her so afaid of having a panic attack in a public place lace that he or she may refuse to leave home and may eventually become isolated from the rest of the society. 尽管如此, 它却会不经意地扰乱一个人的生活。它使他或她害怕在公众场合恐慌症发作以至于不愿走出家门, 最终导致与世隔绝。
1 )all the same 仍然；然而, 尽管如此= nevertheless
He is not very reliable, but I like him a ll the same.
他不很可靠, 但我仍然喜欢他。
2 )动词disrupt 在这里的意思是“ 扰乱, 引起混乱”。
The bad news disrupted his family’s life.
这个坏消息扰乱了他的家庭生活。