[ 辨析] diag；lug；heal；heave；dreg；wea r on drag 费力地推重东西；lug 连续不断地拖重东西，使它移动；heal 连续不断地推重东西使它移动；heave 一下子提起或推重东西；dr eg 如课程、会议，感觉时间拖延，是因为你觉得厌烦而觉得时间过得慢；wear on 在等待消息或期待某事发生，时间好像过得很慢。
[ 例句] He seized my a rms and t ried to dr ag me towards his house.
dwindle [..dwindl] v.逐渐减少或变小
[ 同义] dec rease，fall，decline ，drop ，slide
[ 反义] gain ，grow ，inc rease
[ 考点] dwindle to 逐渐减少或变小到
[ 辨析] dec rease；fall；dwindle；decline；drop；slide dec rease 数目、数量、价格等变少；fall 下降得很快；dwindle 数目逐渐减少；decline 在数量、程度上逐渐下降，尤其是不再可能增长起来；drop 下降很快，通常很突然；slide (价格、水平) 突然下降并引起问题。
[ 例句] The original platoon of 30 men had dwindled to 12.
embankment：[ im..b ....km..nt ] n.堤岸
flashlight [..fl ....lait ] n.手电筒
[ 同义] torch
[ 辨析] flashight；torch
flashlight 用于美国英语；torch 用于英国英语。
[ 例句] People had been buying up flashlights ，batte ries and cr adles because of the predicted st rike by elect ricity workers.
glare6 [..le..] v.发出强光；怒目而视
[ 同义] blaze ，flare ，shine ，scout
[ 考点] glare at
[ 辨析] glare；scout glare 长时间生气地看着某人、眼睛没有移动；scout 生气地看着某人，或脸上有生气的表情。
[ 例句] She gla red angrily at everyone.
gnaw [ n....] v.折磨；不断地啃，咬
[ 同义] t rouble ，worry ，chew
[ 考点] gnaw at/ on sth ./ sb.啃，咬，某物，折磨某人gnaw through 咬断
[ 辨析] chew；gnaw
chew 在吞下食物之前嚼好几次；gnaw (动物) 有尖利的前齿反复地咬某物，目的是吃，或是毁坏它。
[ 例句] 1 ) Beavers have tenth st rong enough to gnaw at wood for hours.
2) The mice must have gnawed through the pipe.
gulp [....lp] v.深呼吸
[ 考点] gulp back 忍住
[ 例句] She gulped back the tears.
haunt [ h....nt ] v.使苦恼；使担忧
[ 同义] disturb ，trouble
[ 例句] Thir ty years after the fire ，he is still haunted by the images of death and destruction.
horrifying [..h..rifai；(US) ..h....rifai ] adj.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的
[ 例句] He just heard of the horrifying news.
injury4 [..ind....ri ] n.伤害，损害
[ 同义] wound
[ 辨析] injury；wound
injury 身体上的物理伤害；wound 尤其是在材料、战争、爆炸中由刀枪引起的伤害，破坏肌肉，导致流血。
[ 例句] She is suffering from a leg injury and can’t play in the tennis tournament.
lifeline [..laiflain] 生命线
[ 考点] lifeline to sth.联系.的生命线
[ 例句] For many old people living on their own ，the telephone is their lifeline to the outside world.
muffled [..m..fld] adj.(指声音) 听不清的
[ 同义] low ，hushed
[ 辨析] low；muffled；hushed low (指声音、耳语、嗓音) 低而静；muffled (声音、嗓音等) 静，听不清，尤其是当声音从墙后或身后传过来，或者是说话者有意说得不清楚；hushed (嗓音或对话) 有意降低声音，例如怕被偷听或是正在等重要的消息。
[ 例句] We heard muffled s houts and scream from the bar below.
outline4 [..autlain] n.外形，轮廓；要点，大纲
[ 同义] lines ，profile contour ，summary ，overview ，précis
[ 考点] in outline 简要地
[ 辨析] outline；lines；profile；contour；summa ry；out - line；overview；précis outline 绕着某物外沿的能显示其形状的线；lines 高或长的物体的外部形状，尤其是此物体看起来非常雅致、漂亮；profile 某人侧面的脸部轮廓；contour 不规则物体的外形，尤其是土地或人体；summa ry 总结事实或观点的书面或口头结论；outline 总结言论或文字的简短结论，通常是书面的形式，只包含最重要的要点；overview 全面总结整个主题、情况，问题的简短结论；précis 一篇短的文字，尤其是学生做的正式语言练习，目的是总结长篇幅文字的要点。
[ 例句] The outline of a footpr int was visible in the snow.
panic4 [..p .. nik] v.(使) 恐怖，(使) 惊慌失措
[ 同义] fr ighten ，scare ，terr ify
[ 反义] relaxed
[ 辨析] fr ighten；te rrify；panic fr ighten 让某人感到非常害怕；terrify 通过让他们相信极不愉快的事情将要发生而使某人非常害怕；panic 突然感到很害怕以致于思维混乱，甚至于做一些危险或愚蠢的事。
[ 例句] The soldiers paniced and opened fire on the r aide rs.
paramedic [ p .. r....medik] n.护理人员
[ 例句] Most ambulance cr ews now contain at least para - medic.
pitch black [ pit..bl .. k ] adj.漆黑的
[ 例句] It was pitch black in the hawse.
pledge4 [ pled..] v.发誓
[ 同义] promise
[ 考点] pledge to do sth.发誓做.
pledge sth to sth ./ s b.决定做.
[ 辨析] promise；pledge
promise 告诉某人某事肯定会发生；pledge 公开或官方许诺为某组织、团体、个人提供帮助、支持或金钱。
[ 例句] Many rock stars have pledged to s uppor t the campaign to save the rainfor ests.
plunge4 [ pl..nd..] v.一头进入，纵身投入
[ 同义] plummet
[ 考点] plunge of/ down/ into 陷入.
plunge to one’s death 摔死
[ 辨析] plunge；plummet
plunge 从很高的地方突然落下来；plummet 笔直、迅速地从很高的地方落下来。
[ 例句] He lost his footing while he was climbing the mountain ，and plunged to his death.
realization [ ri..lai..zei..n] n.领悟，意识到
[ 考点] draw the realization 领悟，意识到
[ 例句] The realization was drawn that this was a major disaster.
recoil [ ri..k..il ] 畏怯，退缩
[ 同义] ret reat
[ 考点] recoil from 从.退缩
[ 辨析] recoil；ret reat
recoil 突然将部分或全部身体从令人害怕或不愉快的东西旁挪开；ret reat 从正在前进的方向走开或返回，尤其是为了躲开令人尴尬或不快的情况。
[ 例句] James r ecoiled from the stove as hot st ream rushed out of the uncove red pan.
rescue4 [ r eskju..] n.救援，营救
v.解援，营救
[ 同义] save
[ 反义] capture ，imprison
[ 考点] come to the/ sb .’s rescue 解援，营救rescue sb.from 从.营救某人
[ 辨析] save；rescue
save 使某人或某物免受破坏或危险；rescue 帮助某人摆脱困难的境地，尤其是他们无法帮自己的时候。
[ 例句] We we re rescued from the sinking ship by a passing fishing boat.
rescuer [..r eskju..] n.救援者
[ 例句] Af ter the crisis was over ，he publicly thanked his rescue rs.
seatbelt [ si..tbelt ] n.安全带
[ 例句] You’ve forgotten to fasten your seatbelt.
skid [ skid] v.(汽车等) 打滑
[ 同义] slide ，glide，slip
[ 考点] skid ac ross/ on/ along 滑过；在. 上滑过；沿. 滑过
[ 辨析] slide；glide；slip；skid
slide 从一个表面平滑地移动过去；glide 平滑、无声地移动，好像毫不费力；slip 滑过一个表面，或沿表面滑动，尤其是偶然地；skid (尤其是汽车、自行车) 失控、危险的滑动。
[ 例句] He lost cont rol of the bike and it went skidding ac ross the road.
slam4 [ sl .. m] v.砰地关门；用力关门；猛推；猛动
[ 例句] 1 ) He slammed the door angrily.
2 ) She slammed the box down on the table.
soak4 [ s..uk] v.浸湿；浸，泡
[ 例句] She soaked the dir ty clothes in wate r.
sob [ s..b] v t.(out ) 抽噎着说，哭诉
[ 例句] She broke down and sobbed aloud.
spotlight [..sp..tlait ] n.聚光灯
sputter [..sp..t..] v t.喷出，飞溅出
stutter [..st..t..] v.口吃着说
swing4 [ swi..] v.挥动手中的东西打击；摇摆，摆动
[ 例句] The boy swung on the rope tied to a t ree.
switch4 [ swit..] n.开关，电闸
[ 考点] pres s/ push a switch
[ 例句] Push the middle switch to turn on the lights.
swollen [..sw..ul..n] ad j.(河) 水上涨的
[ 例句] The st ream is swollen because of the heavy r ain.
torrent [ t....r..nt ] n.急流
[ 同义] current
[ 辨析] current；torr ent
current 海洋或河流中沿一定方向连续不断流动的水；torr ent 沿一定方向急速迅猛流动的大量的水。
[ 例句] A torrent of water flowed down the st reet because of the bur st pipe.
torrential [ t....r..n....l ] ad j.急流的
turn off [ t....n-....f] n.支路，岔路
[ 例句] A turn off is a road leading away from a major road or motorway.
unsnap [..n..sn .. p] v.松开.的按扣
wade [weid] v.费力地走或涉(水、泥地等)
[ 同义] paddle
[ 辨析] wade；paddle
wade (美式英语) 走过深水；paddle (英式英语) 在不太深的水(尤其是海边) 行走，目的是玩乐。
[ 例句] Tom waded into the water then sta rted swimming
across the river.
waist4 [ weist ] n.腰，腰部
[ 例句] The trousers a re a bit tight a round my waist.
catch hold of 抓住
[ 例句] Try to catch hold of eve ry oppor tunity you may meet.
for an instant 片刻
[ 例句] For an instant ，she seemed to believe his excuse.
hold on to 紧紧抓住，抓住不放
[ 例句] Politicians want to hold on to power a t all costs.
make peace wi th 与.讲和，言归于好
[ 例句] It’s hard to make peace with him afte r he has said such words to me.
set.free 释放
[ 例句]“Set me free，”the man cr ied.
slip off 很快地把衣服脱掉
[ 例句] He slipped off his clothes and jumped into the pool.
Passage Ⅲ In Memory of the Challenger
Astronauts
词汇精解
aboard4 [....b....d] prep./ adv.在(船，飞机，火车等) 上；上(船，飞机，火车等)
[ 例句] The flight a ttendant welcomed us aboa rd the plane.
adventurer [..d..vent....r..] n.冒险家
[ 例句] He was something of an adventurer ，living most of his life abroad.
belongings [ bi..l....i..z] n.(复数) 私人物品，私人财产
[ 同义] proper ty ，posses sions ，as sets ，things ，stuff