书城外语美国公民读本(彩色英文版+中文翻译阅读)
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第20章 民族独立(3)

为了自由的神圣事业而在自己的家园武装起来的300万人,是任何敌人都无法战胜的。而且,议长先生,我们绝不会孤军作战。公正的上帝主宰着各国的命运,他将感召朋友们为我们而战。先生们,战争的胜负不仅仅取决于力量的强弱,它还取决于机智、主动和勇敢。况且,我们已别无选择。即使我们出于卑怯而想退出战斗,那也为时已晚。后退只能是甘受屈辱和奴役。用以束缚我们的锁链业已铸成!波士顿平原上的琅铛之声已清晰可闻!既然战争不可避免,那就只能打下去!我再说一遍,先生,只能打下去!

先生,大事化小的做法是无济于事的。绅士们可以高喊和平吧,和平!然而根本就无和平可言。事实上,战斗已经打响。南来的风暴将夹带着枪炮的鸣响。我们的弟兄们已经奔赴战场!我们为何还站在这里纹丝不动?先生们的愿望是什么?先生们的选择又是什么?难道生命真是那样珍贵,和平真是那样美好,因而值得用自由和平等去换取吗?全能的上帝啊,制止那种做法吧!我不知道别人会选择何种路线;就我而言,不自由,毋宁死!

24.关于独立战争的诗集。独立战争许多激励人心的事件鼓舞着许多诗人,催生了许多鲜活的小说作品、许多催人奋进的演说。这些诗歌、小说和演说都是以我们国家的语言完成的。我们已经介绍了几部演讲作品。下面再介绍几首诗歌。

邦克山

本杰明·富兰克林·泰勒①

伴着敌人的悲号和战鼓的咆哮,邦克山的保护者和开拓者来了,用隆隆的炮声冲出战场,径直冲破两个时代,直入灵魂向俘虏展示他们赢得的纪念日就像乔舒亚让太阳不再奔跑。就像塔顶的钟声敲响来自小镇的炮火,将那些土筑的矮工事击打得如此沉闷黑焦,如同巨人泰坦昨夜将战场犁了一遍。唯独留下那块土地让美国人修筑土堡;但是,为了那片矮墙赋予的生命。它们也可以成为迈尔斯·斯坦迪什②的坟墓!在绿色的小山上,涌动着乔治家庭的血迹。而在绿色的山谷下,则滚动着炮弹的碎片;山梁上的十根杆子悬挂着血淋淋的头颅,那不是跨越雷池的低语,而是石锁沿着垄沟发出的呼啸,一只叽叽喳喳的麻雀正在吟唱她的歌谣。

①本杰明·富兰克林·泰勒,其父为科尔盖特大学教授,他在此接受教育,后投身记者与文学工作,逝于1887年。

②迈尔斯·斯坦迪什,美洲的英国殖民者,1620年被英国清教徒雇用,陪同其启程前往新大陆,在殖民地早期的艰苦年月里担任军政长官。

在电光石火之间,随着死人被抬起,阴沉的棱堡开始着火,低矮的土墙开始燃烧,一时间枪声大作,射得又猛又高,如同一片铁杉林在烈火中鞭笞,战袍被血浸透,队形瞬间撕开,普特南的枪声渐缓,翼侧却发出咆哮。现在战斗进入僵持,掷弹兵原地旋转投弹,那是长步枪的撞击,是冰冷钢铁的肉搏,在整个港湾进行,而大炮则屏住呼吸,短兵相接,四目相向,你死我活,战死疆场。开始点名,士兵们!努力配得上这个日子;滑铁卢是英国人的捷报邦克山彰显男子汉的力量!

华伦在邦克山向美军士兵发表的演讲

约翰·皮尔庞特①

站起来吧!这片土地是你们的,我的勇士们!你们要任由它受人奴役吗?你们还要寻找更天然的坟墓吗?你们还在指望得到怜悯吗?假慈悲的暴君们有何感受?听听战场上隆隆的炮声就知道了!读读远处愤怒的钢铁战神就知道了!问问它吧,问它是否愿意。

①革命先驱约翰·皮尔庞特于1785年出生于康涅狄格,毕业于耶鲁大学;后来先后当过律师、商人、牧师和诗人。逝世于1866年。

害怕你烧杀抢掠的敌人吗?你是否还想回归你的故乡?看看你的身后!它们正在熊熊燃烧!再看看你的面前是谁造成的这一切!看看远处的山谷他们来了!你觉得恐惧吗?细雨中炮弹如同冰雹让他们猛轰去吧!

在战斗中信仰上帝吧!我们可能死亡,我们必定会死;但是,有什么东西比得上如此信任的托付,上天的甘霖撒落在死难爱国志士的床上,连岩石都要抬起它们的头颅为上帝的叮嘱颔首!

马里昂的战士之歌

威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特①

我们人虽少,但忠诚、老练,我们的队长开朗又勇敢;①威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特于1797年出生于马萨诸塞,是一位美国诗人、新闻记者。他曾在威廉学院读过书,但没有熬到毕业。他最著名的诗歌是“死亡观”。他逝世于1878年。

英国兵听到马里昂的名字,个个都会心惊胆战。我们的城堡是绿色丛林,我们的帐篷是苍松翠柏,我们了解周围的森林,犹如水手了解大海;带刺的藤蔓结成围墙,芦苇长在沼泽中间。阴暗的泥沼里有些小鸟,躲在那里寂静又安全。

英军对我们若不提防,他们不久就要遭殃,一种莫名其妙的恐怖,午夜时刻从天而降;帐篷着了火,他们才惊醒,抓起武器为时已晚,谁敢站起来面对我们,一定再次被打倒在地面。那些恐慌逃跑的人们,还以为大队人马在追赶,虚幻的风声在耳旁吹过仿佛有几千人追在后边。

辛苦和危险刚刚过去,轻松时刻多么欢喜,我们分享战斗的缴获,我们回顾战斗的经历。笑声喊声在林间响起就像打完了猎在休息,有人收集了林间野花高高插在战士的怀里。欢乐的歌声似乎在嘲弄松树梢上风的哭泣;我们把橡叶铺成了床睡梦沉沉而甜蜜。

美丽、友好的月亮很熟悉马里昂领导的这支队伍他们的步枪在月光下闪光,他们的骏马迈开了大步。生活多美!骑上烈驹在洒满月光的平原上猛冲;生活多美!感到晚风吹起那飘飘飞扬的马鬃。一会儿冲进英军的营垒,一会儿走得无影无踪。回到那没有路径的森林,当时黎明还没有露红。

长眠者身在辽阔的桑提,长眠者长有灰白的头发;他们的心全都跟着马里昂,因为马里昂是他们永远的牵挂。

可爱的姑娘用最宜人的微笑,向我们的小分队致敬,她们的微笑像夏天的清泉一样甘爽,她们的泪水像春天的露珠一样晶莹。为了她们,我们给这些可信赖的战士穿上衣衫,让他们在地下长眠,直到我们将英国人永远驱出我们的家园。

National Independence

1.The Fourth of July.The Fourth of July is familiar to every schoolboy as the national holiday.Firecrackers and torpedoes,skyrockets and Roman candles,the booming of cannon,the pomp of military parade,and often a public meeting which listens to patriotic songs and speechesthese are the usual ways in which the day is celebrated.

2.Why do we keep this day?Because it was on the Fourth of July,1776,that the representatives of the American people adopted a solemn declaration that they would no longer obey the government of Great Britain,but that thereafter they would have their own government and make their own laws.This was the Declaration of Independence .And the Fourth of July accordingly is often called Independence Day .

3.What Independence Means.If the people of one country have to obey the government of some other,then we say that the first country is dependent on the second.But,on the other hand,the people of any country are independent if they have their own government and do not have to obey any other.

4.There are many independent nations,such as France,Great Britain,Germany,Russia,Spain,in Europe;the United States,Mexico,Brazil,in America,and many more.Each of these has a government of its own,makes its own laws,has its own flag,carries on its own business quite as it pleases;in short,is completely independent.

5.If you look at the map of North America,you will see just north of the United States the Dominion of Canada.Canada is not independent,like the United States,but has to obey the government of Great Britain.Therefore Canada is a British dependency.But Mexico,which lies just south of us,is independent.That was not always the case,as Mexico was once a dependency of Spain.But many years ago the Mexicans,like the Americans,declared their independence.They had to go to warTHE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,JULY 4,1776This is from Trumbull‘s painting in the rotunda of the capitol at Washington.John Hancock,the president of the congress,is seated at the table,and in front of him stand the committee who drafted the DeclarationThomas Jefferson,John Adams,Benjamin Franklin,Roger Sherman,and Robert L.Livingstone.

with Spain to become actually independent.But they were victorious,and so the Mexicans no longer have to obey the Spanish government.

6.How the United States Became Independent.It is only a little over a century since our country became an independent republic.In 1775thirteen of our states,those along the Atlantic coast from New Hampshire to Georgia,were colonies belonging to Great Britain.

7.A colony is a settlement which people have made in a land distant from their original home,and which is ruled by the home government.

SAMUEL ADAMS

Samuel Adams,one of the most influential leaders of Massachusetts in the revolution,was a signer of the Declaration of Independencea second cousin of President John Adams.