发烟燃烧；熏烧smoulder
焙烧；焙烤torrefaction
（二）湿热法（Moist Heating Methods）
（用水）煮的boiled
嫩煮的scalded
红烧的；加酱油烹调的braised with soy sauce；soy stewed
烩stewed；precooking and then stewing
煨的simmered
焖；（用文火）炖braised
蒸steam
卤cooked in light brine；marinated
白灼scalded
隔水炖steaming in a container
烧stewing over medium；then high heat
拔丝crisp frying with syrup；caramelized
焯quick boiling；blanching
糟steaming with distiller′s grains sauce；pickling with fragrant grains sauce
汆in soup；poached quickboil；parboil；poach
红烧stewing in brown sauce
酱汁in soy sauce
干烧in hot sauce
茄汁in tomato sauce
豆瓣in black bean sauce
糟溜in rice wine
鱼香with fish flavor
糖醋with sweet and sour flavor
（三）热油法(Oil Heating Methods)
煎fry；shallow fried
油炸deep fried
软炸soft fried
炒sauteed；stir fried
爆quick fired；quick fry over high heated
熘quick fried；slippery frying
（四）其他法（Other Heating Methods）
文火slow fire
大火big fire
微波加热microwave heating
压力锅加热pressure cooker heating
分子加热molecular cooking
盐焗baked in salt
泥烤roast something packaged in the mud
五、风味描述
（Flavor Deion）
（一）视觉(Visual Sense)
烧焦了的burnt
切好的carved
磨碎的ground
切成末的minced
捣烂的mashed
清澈、透明clarity
透明的transparent
琥珀色的amber
宝石红色ruby
黄褐色tawny
紫罗兰色violet
紫红色pink
褐色的brown
（二）嗅觉(Smell Sense)
香的fragrant
腥的smelling
加香料的spiced
异味off flavor；off smell；peculiar smell
果梗味odour；stemmy
还原味reduction smell
氧化味oxidative smell
气味odour
嗅觉的olfactory
植物香气scent
果香aroma
酒香bouquet
饱满的；馥郁的rich
清新的fresh
芳香的；香气幽雅的fragrant
花香的flowery
美妙的；甜美的syrupy
甘美的；芬芳的luscious
浓郁的fuller
酒香的vinous
硫味sulphur taste
硫化氢味hydrogen sulphide odour
酒泥味taste of lees
鼠臭味mousiness
木塞味corked taste；corkiness；corky
霉味mouldy taste；musty taste
老化味cooked taste frowst
树脂味resinous
橡木味；木味casky(woody)taste
烟熏味smoke taste
金属味metallic flavour
泥土味earthy taste
青草味herbaceous taste
加作料的seasoned
无味的tasteless
（三）味觉(Taste Sense)
美味的tasty
味道好的delicious
苦的bitter
苦味bitterness；Bitter Flavors
酸的tart
甜的sweet
酸的sour
涩的harsh；tart
咸的salty
味重的highly
清淡的light；bland
太咸too salty
清淡的；轻盈的lighter
单薄的thin
平淡的flat
尖酸的；刻薄的tart
收敛的；苦涩的astringent
走味的；沉滞的stale
后味after taste
淡而无味的（如走了气的啤酒）flat
油腻的greasy
（四）触觉(Tactile Sense)
干的dried
多汁的juicy
冷的cold
冰镇的iced
冰冻的frozen
脆的crisp
坚硬的hard
嫩的tender
温的tepid
热的hot
肥的fat
瘦的lean
软的soft
柔润的supple
柔软的soft
平滑的smooth
细腻的fine
柔软的；温和的；柔润的velvety
甘美的；圆润的；松软的mellow
粗糙的hard
粗糙的；粗劣的coarse
（五）综合感觉(Comprehensive Sense)
生的，未煮的raw
不熟的rare （slightly cooked；blood present）
煮熟的cooked（done）
熟透的well done
半生不熟的underdone
早熟的early maturing
一等的；甲等的first class
味道flavor
晚熟的late maturing
成熟的mature；ripe
未成熟的unripe
难消化的heavy
味淡的lightly seasoned
无味的tasteless
加佐料的seasoned
辣的peppery
味道taste
油腻的greasy
美味的delicious
特级的superfine；specialgrade
应时的in season
易腐烂的perishable
感觉sensation
协调的harmonious
协调性harmony
酒体body
感觉perception
圆润的round
完整的；丰满的full
醇美的mellower
充满活力的lively
平衡良好的；微妙的；精细的well balanced；subtle
恬静的tranquil
辛辣的spicy
不平衡的unbalanced
败坏的spoiled；unsound
开胃的；辛辣的piquant
不和谐的conflict
呆滞的；无活力的dull
六、烹饪术语
（Cooking Term）
烹饪术culinary arts
烹饪的culinary
烹调法cookery
烹饪cuisine
烹调书cookbook
中国式烹调Chinese cooking
西式烹调western cooking
动物性食品food of animal origin (animal food)
植物性食品vegetable food (plant food)
传统食品traditional food
干制食品dehydrated food
糖制食品confectionery
腌制品curing food
烘焙食品bakery
熏制食品smoking food
膨化食品puffed food
速冻食品quick frozen food
罐藏食品canned food
方便食品convenient food(fast food； prepared food； instant food)
特殊营养食品food of special nutrients
婴幼儿食品infant or baby food
强化食品nutrient fortified food；intensified food；enriched food
天然食品natural food；whole food
模拟食品imitation food
预包装食品prepackaged food
食品制造food manufacturing
食品加工food processing
食品工业food industry
食品资源food resource
食品新资源new resource for food
原料raw material
配料ingredient
主料major ingredient (major material)
辅料minor ingredient
食品添加剂food additive
食品营养强化剂food enrichment
粮食grain
粮食制品cereal product
肉制品meat product
食用油脂edible oil and fat
乳制品dairy product
水产品sea food
水果制品fruit product
蔬菜制品vegetable product
植物蛋白食品vegetable protein food
淀粉制品starch based product
蛋制品egg product
糕点pastry
糖果candy
调味品condiment (seasoning)
食用盐edible salt (food grade salt)
饮料酒alcoholic drink
无酒精饮料non alcoholic drink（soft drink）
保质期date of minimum durability
食品质量管理food quality control
食品质量监督food quality supervision
食品质量检验food quality inspection
食品卫生food hygiene
食品营养food nutrition
食品成分food composition
食品分析food analysis
食品工业标准化food industry standardization
食品标准food standard
食品产品标准food product standard
食品卫生标准food hygienic standard
良好加工规范good manufacturing practice (GMP)
危害分析关键控制点hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP)
食品生产许可证food production licence
食品产品合格证food product qualification
食品卫生许可证food hygiene licence
食品卫生合格证food hygiene qualification